Regional tectonic analysis of the Western Canada sedimentary province in Alberta, Saskatchewan and adjacent parts of the U.S.

2005 ◽  
pp. 57-135
Keyword(s):  
Western Canada ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
The U.S

Innovative PLC Design Concepts for Petroleum Pipeline and Terminal System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold L. Rivera ◽  
Darren C. Day
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Niagara Falls ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Lateral Lines ◽  
The U.S

Enbridge Inc. operates the world’s longest crude oil and refined liquids pipeline system. The company owns and operates Enbridge Pipelines Inc. (the Canadian portion of the Enbridge crude oil mainline) and a variety of affiliated pipelines in Canada and the United States. It also has approximately, a 12% interest in Enbridge Energy Partners, L.P. which owns the Lakehead Pipeline System in the United States. These pipeline systems have operated for over 50 years and now comprise approximately 15,000 kilometers (9,000 miles) of pipeline, delivering more than 2.2 million barrels per day of crude oil and refined liquids. The combination of the Enbridge System in Canada and the Lakehead System in the United States brings together the primary transporter of crude oil from Canada into the United States. It is also the only pipeline that transports crude oil from Western Canada to Eastern North America, serving all of the major refining centres in the province of Ontario as well as the Great Lakes region of the United States. The system consists of approximately 9000 kilometers (5,600 miles) of mainline pipe in Canada, and 5300 kilometers (3,300 miles) of mainline pipe in the United States. The Canadian portion of the pipeline system extends from Edmonton, Alberta as the primary initiating facility, across the Canadian prairies to the U.S. border near Gretna, Manitoba. It continues again from the U.S. border near Sarnia, Ontario, to Toronto, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec, with lateral lines to Nanticoke, Ontario, and Niagara Falls, Ontario. The total length of the pipeline right-of-way is nearly 2300 kilometers (1,400 miles).

Late Holocene fluctuations of Stoppani Glacier, southernmost Patagonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Menounos ◽  
Lyssa Maurer ◽  
John J. Clague ◽  
Gerald Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Lateral Moraine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glacial Expansion ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The U.S

AbstractSome lateral moraines contain a rich record of Holocene glacial expansion. Previous workers have used such evidence to document glacial fluctuations in western Canada, Alaska, and the U.S. Pacific Northwest, but similar studies in Patagonia are uncommon. Here we report on the late Holocene behavior of Stoppani Glacier, a 75 km2 glacier sourced in the Cordillera Darwin, southernmost Patagonia. Based on radiocarbon-dated wood and organic material contained in the glacier's northeast lateral moraine, we infer that Stoppani Glacier advanced shortly before 3.8–3.6, at 3.2–2.8, 2.3–2.1, and 0.3–0.2, and possibly sometime before 1.4–1.3 and 0.8–0.7 cal ka BP. These advances culminated at 0.3–0.2 cal ka BP, when the glacier constructed a prominent end moraine, marking its greatest extent of the past 4000 years. Although the timing of several of the advances overlap with the age range of glacial expansion recognized elsewhere in Patagonia, some do not. Asynchronous behavior observed in the glacial record may arise from the type of evidence (e.g., lateral stratigraphy vs. end moraine) used to document glacial fluctuations or variations in climate or glacial response times. A significant difference between the Stoppani record and some other Patagonian records is that the former indicates general expansion of ice over the last 4000 years, whereas the latter indicate a net decrease in extent over that period.

The Redistributive Effects of Lotteries: Evidence from Canada

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Livernois
Keyword(s):  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Tax Incidence ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Public Revenue ◽  
Redistributive Effects ◽  
Redistributive Effect ◽  
The U.S

The purpose of this article is to determine the income-redistributive effect of lottery programs in western Canada. This requires estimation of both the tax and the expenditure incidence of lottery profits. Previous research has been limited to measuring the tax incidence. The lotteries examined are found to be regressive in collecting public revenue, but considerably less regressive than the U.S. lotteries examined in the literature. In addition, the distribution of benefits resulting from the expenditure of lottery profits mildly favors upper-income groups. Thus lottery programs in western Canada are a regressive form of income redistribution.

Applying Boundary Element Simulation to Generate Stress-Based Fracture Drivers: A Case Study for the Montney Unconventional Oil/Gas Play in Western Canada Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Cai ◽  
Craig Smith ◽  
John Cole ◽  
Chee Phuat Tan
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Element ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Fracture System ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Stress Domains

Abstract Natural fracture distribution is critical to the hydrocarbon production from the Early Triassic Montney unconventional oil and gas play. The formation underwent several tectonic events, creating a unique natural fracture system. Identifying tectonic events and their stress field evolution is an import component in fracture system modeling and prediction. The objective of this paper is to identify the evolution of paleo-stress domains, to establish related tectonic models, and to generate the drivers for fracture network modeling which will aid in reservoir understanding and overall play development. Compared with other geomechanical approaches, the boundary element method (BEM) is better suited for the structural characteristics in the study area. Hence, the corresponding boundary element simulation (BES) was applied for the evolution of the paleo-stress domains. The methodology is a combination of 3D BEM and Monte Carlo simulations. The inputs include seismic interpreted faults and natural fractures from Formation Microimager logs. After applying the methodology, several best fit realizations were calculated, and the admissible paleo-stress domains were characterized by the tectonic models which are consistent with the regional tectonic evolution of the formation. The study area is about 400 km2 located at northeast British Columbia in the Western Canada Basin. The main structural features are the thrust and back-thrust faults, forming different fault blocks without any significant deformation structures. The Montney formation within the study area underwent several tectonic events: (1) regime of terrane collision, indentation and lateral escape during end of Middle Jurassic to Middle Cretaceous; (2) regime of left-lateral transpression dominated by strike-slip during end of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene; and (3) regime of right-lateral transtension dominated by strike-slip during end of Early and Middle Eocene which is maintained till present day. Three major stress domains were identified in the study area by the application of the BES method, one reverse event and two strike-slip events, representing paleo and present-day stress domains. These stress domains are consistent with the regional tectonic evolution history of the foreland basin. The stress field parameters, such as stress ratio and maximum horizontal stress azimuth, are consistent. The derived tectonic models are shown to be reliable drivers for the subsequent fracture modeling and geomechanics study.

The Intensity of Ground Motions from Induced Earthquakes with Implications for Damage Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 2366-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail M. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Induced Earthquakes ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Natural Earthquakes ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The damage potential of induced earthquakes is compared to that of natural tectonic events, considering recent instrumental data and felt records from events of M 3.5–5.8 (in which M is the moment magnitude). Ground motions are mutually consistent at close distances (<30  km) for natural earthquakes in California, induced earthquakes in Oklahoma, and induced earthquakes in western Canada, despite differences in the dominant processes that trigger the events. Recorded peak ground motions may exceed the damage threshold for induced events of M∼4.0 within ∼5  km of the hypocenter; events of M≥4.5 are inferred to have significant damage potential within 5 km and may be damaging to greater distances. Felt and damage effects in Oklahoma, as reported on the U.S. Geological Survey’s online “Did You Feel It?” system, show that the damage threshold (modified Mercalli intensity [MMI] = 6) is commonly exceeded for events of M∼4.5 at close distances (<10  km) and that significant damage effects (MMI=7) are observed for M>4.8 events within 10 km.

Historical Introduction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
R. D. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mutual Agreement

This program has been organized by the EMSA to commensurate the 50th anniversary of the experimental verification of the wave nature of the electron. Davisson and Germer in the U.S. and Thomson and Reid in Britian accomplished this at about the same time. Their findings were published in Nature in 1927 by mutual agreement since their independent efforts had led to the same conclusion at about the same time. In 1937 Davisson and Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in physics for demonstrating the wave nature of the electron deduced in 1924 by Louis de Broglie.The Davisson experiments (1921-1927) were concerned with the angular distribution of secondary electron emission from nickel surfaces produced by 150 volt primary electrons. The motivation was the effect of secondary emission on the characteristics of vacuum tubes but significant deviations from the results expected for a corpuscular electron led to a diffraction interpretation suggested by Elasser in 1925.

Variations in Surface Textures of Quartz Sand using Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Eugene J. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Surface Textures ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Sand Deposit ◽  
The U.S

Examination of sand grain surfaces from early Paleozoic sandstones by electron microscopy reveals a variety of secondary effects caused by rock-forming processes after final deposition of the sand. Detailed studies were conducted on both coarse (≥0.71mm) and fine (=0.25mm) fractions of St. Peter Sandstone, a widespread sand deposit underlying much of the U.S. Central Interior and used in the glass industry because of its remarkably high silica purity.The very friable sandstone was disaggregated and sieved to obtain the two size fractions, and then cleaned by boiling in HCl to remove any iron impurities and rinsed in distilled water. The sand grains were then partially embedded by sprinkling them onto a glass slide coated with a thin tacky layer of latex. Direct platinum shadowed carbon replicas were made of the exposed sand grain surfaces, and were separated by dissolution of the silica in HF acid.

The Effects of Estradiol on Chronically Damaged Human Fallopian Tubes: A SEM Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
A. Toledo ◽  
G. Stoelk ◽  
M. Yussman ◽  
R.P. Apkarian
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Secretory Cell ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Cyclic Patterns ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The U.S

Today it is estimated that one of every three women in the U.S. will have problems achieving pregnancy. 20-30% of these women will have some form of oviductal problems as the etiology of their infertility. Chronically damaged oviducts present problems with loss of both ciliary and microvillar epithelial cell surfaces. Estradiol is known to influence cyclic patterns in secretory cell microvilli and tubal ciliogenesis, The purpose of this study was to assess whether estrogen therapy could stimulate ciliogenesis in chronically damaged human fallopian tubes.Tissues from large hydrosalpinges were obtained from six women undergoing tuboplastic repair while in the early proliferative phase of fheir menstrual cycle. In each case the damaged tissue was rinsed in heparinized Ringers-lactate and quartered.

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