scholarly journals Health Decline Among Recent Immigrants to Canada: Findings From a Nationally-representative Longitudinal Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esme Fuller-Thomson ◽  
Andrea M. Noack ◽  
Usha George
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Health Decline ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Effect of the public disclosure of industry payments information on patients: results from a population-based natural experiment

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve P Kanter ◽  
Daniel Carpenter ◽  
Lisa Lehmann ◽  
Michelle M Mello
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Patient Knowledge ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Open Payments

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of the public disclosure of industry payments to physicians on patients’ awareness of industry payments and knowledge about whether their physicians had accepted industry payments.DesignInterrupted time series with comparison group (difference-in-difference analyses of longitudinal survey).SettingNationally representative US population-based surveys. Surveys were conducted in September 2014, shortly prior to the public release of Open Payments information, and again in September 2016.ParticipantsAdults aged 18 and older (n=2180).Main outcome measuresAwareness of industry payments as an issue; awareness that industry payments information was publicly available; knowledge of whether own physician had received industry payments.ResultsPublic disclosure of industry payments information through Open Payments did not significantly increase the proportion of respondents who knew whether their physician had received industry payments (p=0.918). It also did not change the proportion of respondents who became aware of the issue of industry payments (p=0.470) but did increase the proportion who knew that payments information was publicly available (9.6% points, p=0.011).ConclusionsTwo years after the public disclosure of industry payments information, Open Payments does not appear to have achieved its goal of increasing patient knowledge of whether their physicians have received money from pharmaceutical and medical device firms. Additional efforts will be required to improve the use and effectiveness of Open Payments for consumers.

High skilled immigration and the occupational choices of native workers: the case of Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-605
Author(s):  
By Daniel Crown ◽  
Alessandra Faggian ◽  
Jonathan Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Native Workers ◽  
Skilled Immigration ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Full Population

Abstract This paper estimates the effect of a major skilled visa programme in Australia on the wages and occupation-specific skills performed by native workers. We combine data from the full population of approved Temporary Work Visa applications with the nationally representative Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) longitudinal survey from 2005–2015. Our findings indicate that skilled international workers increase the wages of natives, and induce native workers to specialize in occupations associated with a high intensity of communication and cognitive skills. We find no evidence of negative effects of the visa programme on the wages of high-skilled or low-skilled native workers, or on previous migrants who may be close substitutes to the skilled visa holders.

Employee Tenure and Economic Losses in Wrongful Termination Cases

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Employment Termination ◽  
Annual Probability ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Employee Tenure ◽  
Representative Cohort

Abstract When calculating lost earnings in wrongful employment termination cases, economists should approximate the amount of time a terminated employee would have remained employed for the defendant employer accounting for the probabilities of surviving, participating in the labor force, being employed, and remaining employed for that particular employer. I develop a model for the annual probability of remaining with a particular employer using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data, which tracks the employment experiences of a nationally-representative cohort of individuals over the 1979 through 2010 period. Many employment spells are relatively short, so short tenures are associated with a high probability of leaving an employer. After a point, somewhat longer tenures are associated with a higher probability of remaining with an employer an additional year.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Suppression and Early Closure of Bars and Restaurants : A Longitudinal Natural Experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reo Takaku ◽  
Izumi Yokoyama ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Early Closure ◽  
Nationally Representative

Despite severe economic damage, full-service restaurants and bars have been closed in hopes of suppressing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. This study explores whether the early closure of restaurants and bars in February 2021 reduced symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan. Using a large-scale nationally representative longitudinal survey, we found that the early closure of restaurants and bars decreased the utilization rate among young persons (OR 0.688; CI95 0.515?0.918) and those who visited these places before the pandemic (OR 0.754; CI95 0.594?0.957). However, symptoms such of SARS-CoV-2 did not decrease in these active and high-risk subpopulations. Among the more inactive and low-risk subpopulations, such as elderly persons, no discernible impacts are observed in both the utilization of restaurants and bars and the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2. These results suggest that the early closure of restaurants and bars without any other concurrent measures does not contribute to the suppression of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Intégration économique des nouveaux immigrants: adéquation entre l'emploi occupé avant l'arrivée au Québec et les emplois occupés depuis l'immigration

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Girard ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
Jean Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Intégration Économique

Résumé. Le manque de reconnaissance des titres de compétences acquis à l’étranger par les employeurs canadiens est l’une des causes souvent citées pour expliquer l’augmentation de la disparité salariale entre immigrants et non-immigrants au Canada. Le but de la présente étude est d’analyser le lien entre le domaine de l’emploi principal occupé par les immigrants avant leur arrivée et les emplois qu’ils ont occupés en début d’établissement, ainsi que l’effet net d’une adéquation des emplois sur le revenu des immigrants récents. Les données proviennent de l’enquête longitudinale sur l’établissement des nouveaux immigrants (ÉNI), laquelle retrace le parcours d’une cohorte d’immigrants arrivés en 1989. Les résultats suggèrent que la plupart des immigrants récents ne se trouvent pas un emploi dans leur domaine; par ailleurs, se trouver un emploi dans son domaine mène à un salaire plus élevé. Abstract. One of the reasons often provided for the salary gap between immigrants and native-born Canadians is the difficulty experienced by many immigrants in securing recognition for skills acquired overseas. In this paper, we examine the extent to which, after arrival, immigrants find jobs in the same occupations in which they were employed in their home countries. We also examine the effect on earnings of a match between the pre- and post-immigration occupations. The data come from the longitudinal survey “Établissement des nouveaux immigrants” which followed a cohort of immigrants who arrived in 1989. Our results suggest that most recent immigrants move into a new occupation when they arrive in Canada and that those whose pre- and post-immigration occupations match tend to earn more.

scholarly journals Concerns for others increases the likelihood of vaccination against influenza and COVID-19 more in sparsely rather than densely populated areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. e2007538118
Author(s):  
Haesung Jung ◽  
Dolores Albarracín
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Social Density ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
Nationally Representative

Vaccination yields the direct individual benefit of protecting recipients from infectious diseases and also the indirect social benefit of reducing the transmission of infections to others, often referred to asherd immunity. This research examines how prosocial concern for vaccination, defined as people’s preoccupation with infecting others if they do not vaccinate themselves, motivates vaccination in more and less populated regions of the United States. A nationally representative, longitudinal survey of 2,490 Americans showed that prosocial concern had a larger positive influence on vaccination against influenza in sparser regions, as judged by a region’s nonmetropolitan status, lesser population density, and lower proportion of urban land area. Two experiments (totaln= 800), one preregistered, provide causal evidence that drawing attention to prosocial (vs. individual) concerns interacted with social density to affect vaccination intentions. Specifically, prosocial concern led to stronger intentions to vaccinate against influenza and COVID-19 but only when social density was low (vs. high). Moderated mediation analyses show that, in low-density conditions, the benefits of inducing prosocial concern were due to greater perceived impact of one’s vaccination on others. In this light, public health communications may reap more benefits from emphasizing the prosocial aspects of vaccination in sparser environments.

Asset ownership of recent immigrants: An examination of nativity and socioeconomic factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarn Chatterjee ◽  
Jinhee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Financial Asset ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
English Fluency ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study uses a nationally representative sample of newly legalized immigrants to the United States to investigate factors related to their financial and non-financial asset ownership. Our analysis examines the ownership of financial assets, homes, and businesses in association with human capital, acculturation, and other demographic variables. The results indicate that household income and English fluency are significant predictors of financial, housing and business asset ownership. Other demographic, human capital and acculturation factors have varying effects on asset ownership. Understanding these factors of asset ownership can be useful to practitioners, researchers, and policymakers in developing strategies that can help immigrants integrate into the host country’s society.

Are Young First and Second Generation Immigrants at a Disadvantage in the Australian Labor Market?

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Maani
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
First And Second Generation

This paper examines the assimilation hypothesis for young adult first-and second-generation immigrants in Australia. Models of the total weeks of unemployment and the number of spells of unemployment are examined as indicators of relative labor market conditions. The study differs from earlier work by focusing on young first- and second-generation immigrants and by utilizing information over four consecutive years of the Australian Longitudinal Survey (ALS) data, a comprehensive data set compiled for 1985–1988. The results consistently indicate that even when controlling for qualifications, both first- and second-generation immigrants are at a disadvantage. The results, however, support the hypothesis of declining disadvantage, as second-generation immigrants and those with more years in Australia had significantly more favorable conditions than recent immigrants both overall and within country of origin groups.

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