The role of Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways in pituitary development and pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas

HORMONES ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria P. Yavropoulou ◽  
Anna Maladaki ◽  
John G. Yovos
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Pituitary Development

scholarly journals Trafficking to the primary cilium membrane

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Hemant B. Badgandi ◽  
Sun-hee Hwang ◽  
Bandarigoda Somatilaka ◽  
Issei S. Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Primary Cilium ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Ciliary Membrane ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Sensory Reception

The primary cilium has been found to be associated with a number of cellular signaling pathways, such as vertebrate hedgehog signaling, and implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting multiple organs, including the neural tube, kidney, and brain. The primary cilium is the site where a subset of the cell's membrane proteins is enriched. However, pathways that target and concentrate membrane proteins in cilia are not well understood. Processes determining the level of proteins in the ciliary membrane include entry into the compartment, removal, and retention by diffusion barriers such as the transition zone. Proteins that are concentrated in the ciliary membrane are also localized to other cellular sites. Thus it is critical to determine the particular role for ciliary compartmentalization in sensory reception and signaling pathways. Here we provide a brief overview of our current understanding of compartmentalization of proteins in the ciliary membrane and the dynamics of trafficking into and out of the cilium. We also discuss major unanswered questions regarding the role that defects in ciliary compartmentalization might play in disease pathogenesis. Understanding the trafficking mechanisms that underlie the role of ciliary compartmentalization in signaling might provide unique approaches for intervention in progressive ciliopathies.

scholarly journals The molecular connection of histopathological heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma: A role of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e0208194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Tripathy ◽  
Sudhir Thakurela ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sahu ◽  
Kanishka Uthanasingh ◽  
Manas Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling

The role of Wnt and hedgehog signaling pathways in cleft palate development

2010 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. S83
Author(s):  
Michelle Peng ◽  
Aaron W. James ◽  
Ben Levi ◽  
Jason Glotzbach ◽  
Emily Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Palate Development

scholarly journals The Role of Small Molecules and Their Effect on the Molecular Mechanisms of Early Retinal Organoid Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7081
Author(s):  
Philip E. Wagstaff ◽  
Andrea Heredero Berzal ◽  
Camiel J. F. Boon ◽  
Peter M. J. Quinn ◽  
Anneloor L. M. A. ten Asbroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Retinal Development ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Or Efficiency

Early in vivo embryonic retinal development is a well-documented and evolutionary conserved process. The specification towards eye development is temporally controlled by consecutive activation or inhibition of multiple key signaling pathways, such as the Wnt and hedgehog signaling pathways. Recently, with the use of retinal organoids, researchers aim to manipulate these pathways to achieve better human representative models for retinal development and disease. To achieve this, a plethora of different small molecules and signaling factors have been used at various time points and concentrations in retinal organoid differentiations, with varying success. Additions differ from protocol to protocol, but their usefulness or efficiency has not yet been systematically reviewed. Interestingly, many of these small molecules affect the same and/or multiple pathways, leading to reduced reproducibility and high variability between studies. In this review, we make an inventory of the key signaling pathways involved in early retinogenesis and their effect on the development of the early retina in vitro. Further, we provide a comprehensive overview of the small molecules and signaling factors that are added to retinal organoid differentiation protocols, documenting the molecular and functional effects of these additions. Lastly, we comparatively evaluate several of these factors using our established retinal organoid methodology.

Expression and role of VEGF receptors in pituitary adenomas

2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Onofri ◽  
M Theodoropoulou ◽  
Y Grübler ◽  
M Losa ◽  
M Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Vegf Receptors
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