Canonical and Non-Canonical Hedgehog Signaling Pathways: Role of G Proteins

2014 ◽  
pp. 13-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Riobo
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
G Proteins ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling

scholarly journals Trafficking to the primary cilium membrane

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Hemant B. Badgandi ◽  
Sun-hee Hwang ◽  
Bandarigoda Somatilaka ◽  
Issei S. Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Primary Cilium ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Ciliary Membrane ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Sensory Reception

The primary cilium has been found to be associated with a number of cellular signaling pathways, such as vertebrate hedgehog signaling, and implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting multiple organs, including the neural tube, kidney, and brain. The primary cilium is the site where a subset of the cell's membrane proteins is enriched. However, pathways that target and concentrate membrane proteins in cilia are not well understood. Processes determining the level of proteins in the ciliary membrane include entry into the compartment, removal, and retention by diffusion barriers such as the transition zone. Proteins that are concentrated in the ciliary membrane are also localized to other cellular sites. Thus it is critical to determine the particular role for ciliary compartmentalization in sensory reception and signaling pathways. Here we provide a brief overview of our current understanding of compartmentalization of proteins in the ciliary membrane and the dynamics of trafficking into and out of the cilium. We also discuss major unanswered questions regarding the role that defects in ciliary compartmentalization might play in disease pathogenesis. Understanding the trafficking mechanisms that underlie the role of ciliary compartmentalization in signaling might provide unique approaches for intervention in progressive ciliopathies.

scholarly journals The molecular connection of histopathological heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma: A role of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e0208194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Tripathy ◽  
Sudhir Thakurela ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sahu ◽  
Kanishka Uthanasingh ◽  
Manas Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling

The role of Wnt and hedgehog signaling pathways in cleft palate development

2010 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. S83
Author(s):  
Michelle Peng ◽  
Aaron W. James ◽  
Ben Levi ◽  
Jason Glotzbach ◽  
Emily Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Palate Development

scholarly journals The Role of Small Molecules and Their Effect on the Molecular Mechanisms of Early Retinal Organoid Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7081
Author(s):  
Philip E. Wagstaff ◽  
Andrea Heredero Berzal ◽  
Camiel J. F. Boon ◽  
Peter M. J. Quinn ◽  
Anneloor L. M. A. ten Asbroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Retinal Development ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Or Efficiency

Early in vivo embryonic retinal development is a well-documented and evolutionary conserved process. The specification towards eye development is temporally controlled by consecutive activation or inhibition of multiple key signaling pathways, such as the Wnt and hedgehog signaling pathways. Recently, with the use of retinal organoids, researchers aim to manipulate these pathways to achieve better human representative models for retinal development and disease. To achieve this, a plethora of different small molecules and signaling factors have been used at various time points and concentrations in retinal organoid differentiations, with varying success. Additions differ from protocol to protocol, but their usefulness or efficiency has not yet been systematically reviewed. Interestingly, many of these small molecules affect the same and/or multiple pathways, leading to reduced reproducibility and high variability between studies. In this review, we make an inventory of the key signaling pathways involved in early retinogenesis and their effect on the development of the early retina in vitro. Further, we provide a comprehensive overview of the small molecules and signaling factors that are added to retinal organoid differentiation protocols, documenting the molecular and functional effects of these additions. Lastly, we comparatively evaluate several of these factors using our established retinal organoid methodology.

scholarly journals Role of the plant heterotrimeric G-proteins in the signal pathways regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Andrey D. Bovin ◽  
Elena A. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
G Proteins ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Heterotrimeric G Proteins ◽  
Proliferation Response

Animal and fungal heterotrimeric G-proteins are among the well-known regulators of signaling pathways. Plant studies have shown that G-proteins may also be involved in the regulation of many processes. G-proteins are involved in hormonal regulation, control of cell proliferation, response to abiotic factors, control of biotic interactions and many others. It turned out that with a smaller variety of subunits, G-proteins of plants can have a greater variety of mechanisms for activating and transmitting signals. However, for most processes in plants the mechanisms of operation of heterotrimeric G-proteins remain poorly understood. This review is devoted to the analysis of modern ideas about the structure and functioning of heterotrimeric plant G proteins.

Dual Role of RKIP in NF-kB Signaling Pathways

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Huihui Tang ◽  
Sungdae Park ◽  
Kam C. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Dual Role
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