The Effect of Male Confederate Presence, Betting, and Accuracy of Play on Males’ Gambling on Blackjack

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey L. McDougall ◽  
Cheryl Terrance ◽  
Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Keyword(s):  
Male Confederate

Men's Sense of Humor and Women's Responses to Courtship Solicitations: An Experimental Field Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Guéguen
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
Phone Number ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Male Confederate ◽  
Positive Evaluation

Producing humor might function as a fitness indicator associated with greater desirability during dating selection. A male confederate in a bar was instructed to tell (or not tell) funny jokes to two other male confederates. A few minutes later, when the second of two male confederates left, the first male confederate asked a female who was near his table and who had heard the funny jokes for her phone number. The previous expression of humor was associated with greater compliance with the male confederate's request and with a higher positive evaluation. The possible effects of humor are discussed from an evolutionary perspective.

Shaken Confidence: The Effects of an Authority Figure's Flirtatiousness on Women's and Men's Self-Rated Creativity

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur T. Satterfield ◽  
Charlene L. Muehlenhard
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Authority Figure ◽  
Male Confederate

Anecdotal evidence suggests that sexual harassment may cause women to doubt their abilities, attributing their success to their professor's or supervisor's attraction to them rather than to their qualifications. Two experiments assessed whether a decrease in confidence could result from something as seemingly harmless as flirting. In Experiment 1, a male confederate posing as an advertising executive asked 56 female students to draw an advertisement, which he then praised. He behaved either flirtatiously or neutrally. In Experiment 2, female and male students interacted with a flirtatious or neutral advertisement executive of the other gender. In both experiments, women's self-creativity ratings decreased significantly more from pre-to posttest in the flirtatious condition than in the control condition. Men were affected less than women by the ad executive's flirtatiousness. The results suggest that flirtatiousness by an authority figure may have negative consequences for women's self-confidence.

Foot-in-the-Door Technique Using a Courtship Request: A Field Experiment

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Guéguen ◽  
Marie Marchand ◽  
Alexandre Pascual ◽  
Marcel Lourel
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Effect Evaluation ◽  
Male Confederate

“Foot-in-the-door” is a well-known compliance technique which increases compliance to a request. Many investigations with this paradigm have generally used prosocial requests to test its effect. Evaluation of the effect of foot-in-the-door was carried out with a courtship request. 560 young women were solicited in the street to accept having a drink with a young male confederate. In the foot-in-the-door condition, before being solicited to have a drink, the young woman was asked to give directions to the confederate or to give him a light for his cigarette. Analysis showed foot-in-the-door was associated with greater compliance to the second request. The theoretical implication of such results with this nonprosocial request are discussed.

Low-Ball and Compliance to a Request: An Application in a Field Setting

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Guéguen ◽  
Alexandre Pascual ◽  
Lionel Dagot
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Male Confederate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Field Setting

The low-ball refers to a compliance technique in which a demand of someone to agree to a request is followed by telling the person the real cost of the request. The number of people who maintain their first decision is larger than the number in the condition in which the real cost of the request is stated prior to the initial compliance. Researches in this paradigm traditionally included a request addressed by a professor to students but was never tested between strangers. So, an experiment was carried out in which people were solicited to keep a dog (8 kg) on a lead until a male confederate returned from a visit to someone in a hospital. In low-ball condition, the confederate told the subject who agreed to the request that it would take 30 min., whereas in the control condition the confederate gave this information when stating his request. Analysis showed that low-ball technique leads people to maintain their first decision.

SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SELECTIVE MEMORY FOR AFFECTIVE INFORMATION ABOUT THE SELF

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy O'Banion ◽  
Hal Arkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Male Confederate ◽  
Affective Information

High and low socially anxious women were given identical feedback about their personality traits after a brief social interaction with a male confederate. The male confederate was trained to respond positively (success) to half of the subjects in each group during the interaction and negatively (failure) to the other half. Results of a subsequent recognition memory test for the feedback supported one of the main hypotheses and indicated that high socially anxious subjects had more accurate memory for negative information about themselves than did low socially anxious subjects. Success and failure experiences had no effects on memory. The possible contribution of such selective memory to the mediation and maintenance of social anxiety is discussed.

scholarly journals Marching into battle: synchronized walking diminishes the conceptualized formidability of an antagonist in men

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 20140592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. T. Fessler ◽  
Colin Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Male Confederate

Paralleling behaviours in other species, synchronized movement is central to institutionalized collective human activities thought to enhance cooperation, and experiments demonstrate that synchrony has this effect. The influence of synchrony on cooperation may derive from an evolutionary history wherein such actions served to signal coalitional strength to both participants and observers—including adversaries. If so, then synchronous movement should diminish individuals' estimations of a foe's formidability. Envisioned physical size and strength constitute the dimensions of a representation that summarizes relative fighting capacity. Experiencing synchrony should therefore lead individuals to conceptualize an antagonist as smaller and weaker. We found that men who walked synchronously with a male confederate indeed envisioned a purported criminal as less physically formidable than did men who engaged in this task without synchronizing.

Personal Space Invasion: Sex Differentials for near and Far Proximities

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1060-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darhl M. Pedersen ◽  
Lisa Sabin
Keyword(s):  
Personal Space ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sex Differentials ◽  
Male Confederate

The effects of invasion of personal space by a male and a female who approached subjects at near and far proximities were investigated. It was hypothesized that invasion at a near distance would produce greater withdrawal than at a far distance. It was also hypothesized that male dyads would elicit more withdrawal than female dyads and that mixed sex pairs would produce the least withdrawal. All combinations of sex of subject, sex of confederate, and near and far approach proximities were tested. As expected, near proximity produced significantly more withdrawal. However, more withdrawal was produced by the female than the male confederate. Finally, no support was given to the mixed versus same-sex dyad hypothesis.

REACTIONS TO EYE CONTACT INITIATED BY PHYSICALLY ATTRACTIVE AND UNATTRACTIVE MEN AND WOMEN

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Rall ◽  
Abbie Greenspan ◽  
Ellen Neidich
Keyword(s):  
Female Subject ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Male Confederate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Role Norms ◽  
Physically Attractive ◽  
Attractive Male

The effects of the attractiveness and the sex of an initiator of eye contact were studied by presenting 93 subjects with same-sex pairs of relatively attractive and relatively unattractive confederates. During a three-minute period one of the confederates gazed continuously at the subject while the other looked away. Five 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA's were computed for the number of reciprocated eye gazes and subjects' written ratings of the confederates. Contrary to previous research, results indicated that the unattractive person became more liked when not gazing. It was also found that the only situation in which gazing increased liking was when an attractive male confederate gazed at a female subject. The findings are discussed in terms of traditional sex-role norms.

Double-Bind Communications and Respondents' Reluctance to Affirm the Validity of Their Self-Disclosures

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Kuiken ◽  
Kenneth Hill
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Double Bind ◽  
Communication Content ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Male Confederate ◽  
Explicit Communication

It was hypothesized that double-bind communications would increase respondents' use of verbal nonimmediacy, a variation in language style which indicates reluctance to affirm the validity of explicit communication content. To assess this hypothesis, a male confederate created conflicting expectations by describing himself as first independent and then dependent to 10 conceptually simple and 10 conceptually complex male participants (as defined by their scores on Tuckman's 1966 Individual Topic Inventory) who were asked to respond with disclosures on similar topics. Further, the confederate acknowledged the incongruity in his self-disclosures to one-half of the participants but not to the other half. As expected, the conceptually complex participants who had not heard the confederate's acknowledgment of incongruity showed the greatest increase in nonimmediacy during their disclosures to the confederate.

Heart-Rate Changes in Response to Shifts in Interpersonal Gaze from Liked and Disliked others

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rodney Wellens
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Interview Session ◽  
Male Confederate ◽  
Male Subjects

32 male subjects were asked a series of intimate questions by a liked or disliked male confederate who either avoided eye-contact or shifted to continuous directed gaze in the middle of an interview session. Analyses of subjects' cardiovascular responses showed a relative increase in heart-rate following eye-contact in the negative affect condition compared to a decrease in heart-rate following eye-contact in the positive affect condition. No differences in heart-rate changes were observed between positive and negative affect conditions in the no eye-contact group. Results are discussed in relation to M. Patterson and his colleagues' arousal and multistage models of exchange of nonverbal intimacy.

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