Bacillus thuringiensis as a pest management tool for control of the squash vine borer, Melittia cucurbitae (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in South Carolina

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Canhilal ◽  
G. R. Carner
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Melittia Cucurbitae ◽  
Squash Vine Borer

scholarly journals Dispersal and spatiotemporal distribution of Protapion fulvipes in white clover fields: implications for pest management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Hederström ◽  
Franklin N. Nyabuga ◽  
Olle Anderbrant ◽  
Glenn P. Svensson ◽  
Maj Rundlöf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Clover Seed

AbstractYield loss caused by insect pests remains a substantial problem in agriculture. Chemical control, with potential negative effects on non-target organisms, is still the main tool for pest management. For pest species with limited dispersal capacity, rotation of the crop in time and space has potential as an alternative management measure. This is particularly important in organic farming, where most agrochemicals are prohibited, but also relevant as a complementary pest management strategy in conventional agriculture. Clover is an important crop used for animal feed and as green manure; however, seed-eating weevils can severely limit the seed yield. We hypothesized that the previous year’s clover seed fields constitute the major sources of weevil pests. Consequently, a greater distance to, and a smaller pest load from, this source should reduce the number of weevils colonizing the new seed fields. To map population dynamics and dispersal range of Protapion fulvipes, an economically important seed weevil specialized on white clover, we conducted field studies over four years in 45 white clover seed fields. We found that P. fulvipes overwinters close to its source field and disperses to new fields in early spring the following year. Pest abundance increased with pest load in the previous year’s seed field, but decreased by 68% per km distance to the previous year’s field. Thus, separation of seed production fields between years by 2–3 km would create a spatiotemporal pest management tool to reduce the pest infestation below the estimated economic injury level.

scholarly journals Estimating Fuel Consumption for the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Goodrick ◽  
Dan Shea ◽  
John Blake
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Continued Use

Abstract Recent changes in air quality regulations present a potential obstacle to continued use of prescribed fire as a land management tool. Lowering of the acceptable daily concentration of particulate matter from 65 to 35 μg/m3 will bring much closer scrutiny of prescribed burning practices from the air quality community. To work within this narrow window, land managers need simple tools to allow them to estimate their potential emissions and examine trade-offs between continued use of prescribed fire and other means of fuels management. A critical part of the emissions estimation process is determining the amount of fuel consumed during the burn. This study combines results from a number of studies along the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina to arrive at a simple means of estimating total fuel consumption on prescribed fires. The result is a simple linear relationship that determines the total fuel consumed as a function of the product of the preburn fuel load and the burning index of the National Fire Danger Rating System.

scholarly journals Sequential application of bio-pesticide, botanical and chemical insecticide to manage aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Amin ◽  
AA Tarif ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
F Ge
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Population Reduction

Present study evaluated the effect of sequential application of a bio-pesticide (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki) (Bt), a botanical (neem oil) and a chemical insecticide (cypermethrin 25EC) as well as cypermethrin 25EC alone in the management of aphid (Aphis craccivora) and pod borer (Maruca vitrata) attacking yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) in the field. In each treatment Bt, neem oil and cypermethrin were applied in alternative sequence as well as cypermethrin alone at 07 days intervals. All the treatments reduced aphid population and flower infestation after 24, 48 and 72h of treatment compared to untreated control. Aphid population reduction by the treatments over control was ranged from 34.4 to 71.9%, and the treatment with cypermethrin alone had the lowest abundance of aphid and flower infestation. The Bt followed by neem oil and cypermethrin significantly reduced the pod infestation by pod borer and increased yield (38.9–41.4%) over control with BCR: 1.85-2.16. Use of cypermethrin alone was most effective and showed the lowest pod infestation and revealed the increased yield over control (47.7%) with BCR 4.70. Considering the hazardous affect of cypermethrin alone, its application followed by bio-pesticide and botanical sequentially would be promising components for integrated pest management strategies against aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 531-538, September 2017

Sex Pheromone of the Female Squash Vine Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Klun ◽  
M. Schwarz ◽  
B. A. Leonhardt ◽  
W. W. Cantelo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
Geometrical Isomers ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Melittia Cucurbitae ◽  
Natural Element ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Squash Vine Borer ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Analysis of ovipositor extracts of the squash vine borer Melittia cucurbitae showed that a major component in the extracts was (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-l-ol acetate along with traces of (Z,Z)-and (Z,E)-isomers. The extracts probably also contained (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-l-ol, geometrical isomers of 3,13-octadecadien-l-ol acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecen-l-ol, (Z)-9-hexadecen-l-ol acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecen-l-ol acetate, hexadecan-l-ol acetate, (Z)-13-octadecen-l-ol acetate, and (Z)-13-octadecen-l-ol. Trapping tests with permutations of these compounds showed that a binary mixture of (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-l-ol acetate and (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-l-ol acetate (99.7:0.3) was required to effectively cause capture of males. The binary mixture proved to be more effective as a lure for squash vine borer males than (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-l-ol acetate alone. Thus, behavioral evidence indicated that a 2,13- plus 3,13-isomeric combination of octadecadien-l-ol acetates quite likely is a natural element in the female sex pheromone of this moth. Physical chemical evidence for the 3,13 isomer in the female extracts was equivocal because its purported occurrence was at a trace level and absolute verification of the compound's structure was not possible.

An overview of integrated pest management (IPM) in north-eastern Australian grain farming systems: past, present and future prospects

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Brier ◽  
D. A. H. Murray ◽  
L. J. Wilson ◽  
A. H. Nicholas ◽  
M. M. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Area North

The authors overview integrated pest management (IPM) in grain crops in north-eastern Australia, which is defined as the area north of latitude 32°S. Major grain crops in this region include the coarse grains (winter and summer cereals), oilseeds and pulses. IPM in these systems is complicated by the diversity of crops, pests, market requirements and cropping environments. In general, the pulse crops are at greatest risk, followed by oilseeds and then by cereal grains. Insecticides remain a key grain pest management tool in north-eastern Australia. IPM in grain crops has benefited considerably through the increased adoption of new, more selective insecticides and biopesticides for many caterpillar pests, in particular Helicoverpa spp. and loopers, and the identification of pest–crop scenarios where spraying is unnecessary (e.g. for most Creontiades spp. populations in soybeans). This has favoured the conservation of natural enemies in north-eastern Australia grain crops, and has arguably assisted in the management of silverleaf whitefly in soybeans in coastal Queensland. However, control of sucking pests and podborers such as Maruca vitrata remains a major challenge for IPM in summer pulses. Because these crops have very low pest-damage tolerances and thresholds, intervention with disruptive insecticides is frequently required, particularly during podfill. The threat posed by silverleaf whitefly demands ongoing multi-pest IPM research, development and extension as this pest can flare under favourable seasonal conditions, especially where disruptive insecticides are used injudiciously. The strong links between researchers and industry have facilitated the adoption of IPM practices in north-eastern Australia and augers well for future pest challenges and for the development and promotion of new and improved IPM tactics.

scholarly journals Drip Chemigation of Insecticides as a Pest Management Tool in Vegetable Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. E1-E5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Ghidiu ◽  
Thomas Kuhar ◽  
John Palumbo ◽  
David Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Vegetable Production
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