Role of 17-β-estradiol and progesterone on glucose homeostasis: Effects of food restriction (50%) in pregnant and non pregnant rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. González ◽  
F. D. García ◽  
S. F. Ferníndez ◽  
Angeles M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Pregnant Rats

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Polyphenols in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Hana Alkhalidy ◽  
Dongmin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Metabolic Action

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a fast-increasing health problem globally, and it results from insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is recognized as one of the major regulatory organs of glucose homeostasis that involves multiple gut hormones and microbiota. Notably, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted from enteroendocrine L-cells plays a pivotal role in maintaining glucose homeostasis via eliciting pleiotropic effects, which are largely mediated via its receptor. Thus, targeting the GLP-1 signaling system is a highly attractive therapeutic strategy to treatment T2D. Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites from plants, have drawn considerable attention because of their numerous health benefits, including potential anti-diabetic effects. Although the major targets and locations for the polyphenolic compounds to exert the anti-diabetic action are still unclear, the first organ that is exposed to these compounds is the GI tract in which polyphenols could modulate enzymes and hormones. Indeed, emerging evidence has shown that polyphenols can stimulate GLP-1 secretion, indicating that these natural compounds might exert metabolic action at least partially mediated by GLP-1. This review provides an overview of nutritional regulation of GLP-1 secretion and summarizes recent studies on the roles of polyphenols in GLP-1 secretion and degradation as it relates to metabolic homeostasis. In addition, the effects of polyphenols on microbiota and microbial metabolites that could indirectly modulate GLP-1 secretion are also discussed.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide synthase-mediated blood pressure regulation in obese melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient pregnant rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (5) ◽  
pp. R851-R857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank T. Spradley ◽  
Jennifer M. Sasser ◽  
Jacqueline B. Musall ◽  
Jennifer C. Sullivan ◽  
Joey P. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Although obesity increases the risk for hypertension in pregnancy, the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Increased nitric oxide (NO) production results in vasodilation and reduced blood pressure during normal pregnancy in lean rats; however, the role of NO is less clear during obese pregnancies. We examined the impact of obesity on NO synthase (NOS)-mediated regulation of blood pressure during pregnancy by testing the hypothesis that NOS activity, expression, and regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure are reduced in obese pregnant rats. At gestational day 19, melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R)-deficient obese rats (MC4R) had greater body weight and fat mass with elevated blood pressure and circulating sFlt-1 levels compared with MC4R pregnant rats. MC4R pregnant rats also had less circulating cGMP levels and reduced total NOS enzymatic activity and expression in mesenteric arteries. Despite decreased biochemical measures of NO/NOS in MC4R rats, NOS inhibition enhanced vasoconstriction only in mesenteric arteries from MC4R rats, suggesting greater NOS-mediated tone. To examine the role of NOS on blood pressure regulation in obese pregnant rats, MC4R and MC4R pregnant rats were administered the nonselective NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 100 mg/l) from gestational day 14 to 19 in drinking water. The degree by which l-NAME raised blood pressure was similar between obese and lean pregnant rats. Although MC4R obese pregnant rats had elevated blood pressure associated with reduced total NOS activity and expression, they had enhanced NOS-mediated attenuation of vasoconstriction, with no evidence of alterations in NOS-mediated regulation of blood pressure.

Role of probiotics in modulating glucose homeostasis: evidence from animal and human studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayyeh Firouzi ◽  
Mohd Y. Barakatun-Nisak ◽  
Amin Ismail ◽  
Hazreen Abdul Majid ◽  
Kamaruddin Nor Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Human Studies

scholarly journals Regulatory Role of Mucosal Maltase‐Glucoamylase in Starch Digestion and Glucose Homeostasis

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricela Diaz‐Sotomayor ◽  
Stephen E Avery ◽  
Shaji K Chacko ◽  
Roberto Quezada‐Calvillo ◽  
Like Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Starch Digestion
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