CEPHALOSPORINS: pharmacokinetic studies in renal failure

InPharma ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 310 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-20
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies

scholarly journals Nonattenuated Polymyxin B Used for the Treatment of Extreme-Drug ResistantAcinetobacter baumannii-Related Infections in Patients with Preexisting End Stage Renal Failure

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Yvonne Peijun Zhou ◽  
Nathalie Grace Sy Chua ◽  
Maciej Piotr Chlebicki ◽  
Winnie Hui Ling Lee ◽  
Andrea Lay Hoon Kwa
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
End Stage

Recent pharmacokinetic studies have suggested that nonrenal clearance predominates the elimination of polymyxin B. We present 2 patients with preexisting end stage renal failure, who were given nonattenuated doses of polymyxin B for the treatment of extreme-drug resistant organism. No evidence of adverse events occurred and microbiological clearance was documented.

Pyrazinamide and Rifampicin Regimens for Patients on Maintenance Dialysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Woo ◽  
A. Leung ◽  
K. Chan ◽  
K.N. Lai ◽  
R. Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Bactericidal Action ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Maintenance Dialysis ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Higher Doses

We measured pyrazinamide and rifampicin plasma concentrations in five patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and end stage renal failure treated by haemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Using conventional daily doses of oral pyrazinamide and rifampicin, we found that the drugs were removed efficiently by both dialysis methods, so that plasma levels were sub-optimal for maximal bactericidal action. These findings suggest that in patients with tuberculosis on maintenance dialysis, treatment should be either with higher doses of these two drugs, or with additional replacement doses given after each dialysis. Further detailed pharmacokinetic studies on larger numbers of patients are indicated.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Studies of L-DOPS (L-threo-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine) in Renal Failure Rats.

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-819
Author(s):  
Fumiaki SHONO ◽  
Masaki ITO ◽  
Yoshiko MIZUNO ◽  
Iwao NAKATSUKA ◽  
Akira YOSHITAKE
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies

PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES OP PRACT0L0L IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

Abstracts ◽  
1977 ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Michał O. Wierzchowiecki ◽  
Danuta M. Michałowska ◽  
Tomasz Tomaszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies

scholarly journals Acute Pain Management Pharmacology for the Patient with Concurrent Renal or Hepatic Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Analgesic Agents

The clinical utility of most analgesic drugs is altered in the presence of patients with impaired renal or hepatic function not simply because of altered clearance of the parent drug, but also through production and accumulation of toxic or therapeutically active metabolites. Some analgesic agents may also aggravate pre-existing renal and hepatic disease. A search was performed, taking in published articles and pharmaceutical data to determine available evidence for managing acute pain effectively and safely in these two patient groups. The resulting information consisted mainly of small group pharmacokinetic studies or case reports, which included a large variation in degree of organ dysfunction. In the presence of renal impairment, those drugs which exhibit the safest pharmacological profile are alfentanil, buprenorphine, fentanyl, ketamine, paracetamol (except with compound analgesics), remifentanil and sufentanil: none of these deliver a high active metabolite load, or suffer from significantly prolonged clearance. Amitriptyline, bupivacaine, clonidine, gabapentin, hydromorphone, levobupivacaine, lignocaine, methadone, mexiletine, morphine, oxycodone and tramadol have been used in the presence of renal failure, but do require specific precautions, usually dose reduction. Aspirin, dextropropoxyphene, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pethidine, should not be used in the presence of chronic renal failure due to the risk of significant toxicity. In the presence of hepatic impairment, most drugs are subject to significantly impaired clearance and increased oral bioavailability, but are poorly studied in the clinical setting. The agent least subject to alteration in this context is remifentanil; however the drugs’ potency has other inherent dangers. Other agents must only be used with caution and close patient monitoring. Amitriptyline, carbamazepine and valproate should be avoided as the risk of fulminant hepatic failure is higher in this population, and methadone is contraindicated in the presence of severe liver disease.

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