Valproate semisodium a lower cost option in bipolar disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 415 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Valproate Semisodium ◽  
Lower Cost Option

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of Single-Dose Hepatitis B Revaccination Among Infants Born to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive Mothers and Not Responding to the Initial Vaccine Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Hall ◽  
Eli S. Rosenberg ◽  
Monica Trigg ◽  
Noele Nelson ◽  
Sarah Schillie
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Lower Cost Option

Objectives: Infants born to mothers who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive are at risk for perinatal hepatitis B infection. As prevention, these infants receive a series of 3 or 4 doses of hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth and postvaccination serologic testing. Infants with antibody levels <10 mIU/mL are considered vaccine nonresponders and should be revaccinated. The objective of this cost analysis was to assess a single-dose revaccination strategy among infant nonresponders. Methods: We used a decision analytic tree to compare the costs of a single-dose revaccination strategy with the costs of a 3-dose revaccination strategy. The analysis consisted of 3 epidemiologic scenarios that varied levels of previous protection among infants indicated for revaccination. We assumed health outcomes in each strategy were the same, and we evaluated costs from the societal perspective using 2016 US dollars. We conducted sensitivity analyses on key variables, including the minimum required efficacy of a single revaccination dose. Results: In all analyses, the single-dose revaccination strategy was a lower-cost option than the 3-dose revaccination strategy. Under the assumption that all revaccination visits were previously unscheduled, single-dose revaccination reduced the cost per infant by $119.81 to $155.72 (depending on the scenario). Across all scenarios, the most conservative estimate for the threshold efficacy (the minimum efficacy required to result in a lower-cost option) value of single-dose revaccination was 67%. Conclusions: For infants who were born to HBsAg-positive mothers and who were not responding to the initial vaccine series, a single-dose revaccination strategy, compared with a 3-dose revaccination strategy, reduced costs across several scenarios. These results helped inform the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ vote in February 2017 to recommend single-dose revaccination.

A two-degree-of-freedom ambulance stretcher suspension Part 1: System overview

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Raine ◽  
R J Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Floor Vibration ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Two Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Lower Cost Option

Ambulance suspensions often give a poor ride, which may result in deterioration in the condition of ill or injured patients. Suspension of the ambulance stretcher itself is a lower cost option than a purpose- built ambulance suspension and may offer superior isolation of the patient from road-induced disturbances. This paper describes the development of a pneumatic stretcher suspension offering both pitch and heave isolation. Design and theoretical considerations are outlined, and preliminary performance figures reported. Subsequent parts of this paper will explore the dynamics of the system with pneumatic damping and report on the performance of the prototype suspension for a range of patient masses, damping levels and floor vibration inputs.

A Study Looking at a Lower Cost Option for Cultural Competence Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-184
Author(s):  
Alexandra N. Shelley ◽  
Jessica O'Brien Gufarotti ◽  
Natasha Kendrioski ◽  
Ann Marie Lanza-Bisciello ◽  
Kevin Xuereb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Lower Cost Option ◽  
Cultural Competence Education

Morphometric analysis of cellular interactions with the endothelium during the development of arterial lesions using Scanning Electron Microscopy and digital image analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
M.E. Rosenfeld ◽  
C. Karboski ◽  
M.F. Prescott ◽  
P. Goodwin ◽  
R. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Arterial Lesions ◽  
Scanning Electron

Previous research documenting the chronology of the cellular interactions that occur on or below the surface of the endothelium during the initiation and progression of arterial lesions, primarily consisted of descriptive studies. The recent development of lower cost image analysis hardware and software has facilitated the collection of high resolution quantitative data from microscopic images. In this report we present preliminary quantitative data on the sequence of cellular interactions that occur on the endothelium during the initiation of atherosclerosis or vasculitis utilizing digital analysis of images obtained directly from the scanning electron microscope. Segments of both atherosclerotic and normal arteries were obtained from either diet-induced or endogenously (WHHL) hypercholesterolemic rabbits following 1-4 months duration of hypercholesterolemia and age matched control rabbits. Vasculitis was induced in rats following placement of an endotoxin soaked thread adjacent to the adventitial surface of arteries.

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