The genusquercus in the Karewa deposits of Kashmir, with remarks on the oak forests of the Kashmir Valley during the pleistocene

1945 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-256
Author(s):  
G. S. Puri
Keyword(s):  
Oak Forests ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Karewa Deposits

ESTIMATION OF ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF THE THREE SITES (GRAZED SITE, PROTECTED SITE AND SEED SOWN SITE) FOR COMPARING THEIR PRODUCTIVITY IN KASHMIR VALLEY

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AFSHAN ANJUM BABA ◽  
SYED NASEEM UL-ZAFAR GEELANI ◽  
ISHRAT SALEEM ◽  
MOHIT HUSAIN ◽  
PERVEZ AHMAD KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Protected Site

The plant biomass for protected areas was maximum in summer (1221.56 g/m2) and minimum in winter (290.62 g/m2) as against grazed areas having maximum value 590.81 g/m2 in autumn and minimum 183.75 g/m2 in winter. Study revealed that at Protected site (Kanidajan) the above ground biomass ranged was from a minimum (1.11 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum (4.58 t ha-1) in the summer season while at Grazed site (Yousmarag), the aboveground biomass varied from a minimum (0.54 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum of 1.48 t ha-1 in summer seasonandat Seed sown site (Badipora), the lowest value of aboveground biomass obtained was 4.46 t ha-1 in spring while as the highest (7.98 t ha-1) was obtained in summer.

Actual organization of forest communities with broad-leaved trees in broad-leaved-coniferous zone (with Moscow Region as an example)

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernenkova ◽  
O. V. Morozova ◽  
N. G. Belyaeva ◽  
M. Yu. Puzachenko
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Spruce Forests

This study aimed at an investigation of the structure, ecology and mapping of mixed communities with the participation of spruce, pine and broad-leave trees in one of the regions of broad-leave–coniferous zone. Despite the long history of the nature use of the study area, including forestry practices (Kurnayev, 1968; Rysin, Saveliyeva, 2007; Arkhipova, 2014; Belyaeva, Popov, 2016), the communities kept the main features of the indigenous forests of the broad-leave–coniferous zone ­— the tree species polydominance of the stands, the multilayer structure of communities and the high species diversity. In the course of field works in the southwestern part of the Moscow Region (2000–2016) 120 relevés were made. Spatial structure, species composition as well as cover values (%) of all vascular plants and bryophytes were recorded in each stand. The relevés were analysed following the ecology-phytocenotic classification approach and methods of multivariate statistical analysis that allowed correctly to differentiate communities according the broad-leave species participation. The accuracy of the classification based on the results of discriminant analysis was 95.8 %. Evaluation of the similarity of the selected units was carried out with the help of cluster analysis (Fig. 12). Clustering into groups is performed according to the activity index of species (A) (Malyshev, 1973) within the allocated syntaxon using Euclidean distance and Ward’s method. The classification results are corrected by DCA ordination in PC-ORD 5.0 (McCune, Mefford, 2006) (Fig. 1). Spatial mapping of forest cover was carried out on the basis of ground data, Landsat satellite images (Landsat 5 TM, 7 ETM +, 8 OLI_TIRS), digital elevation (DEM) and statistical methods (Puzachenko et al., 2014; Chernenkova et al., 2015) (Fig. 13 а, б). The obtained data and the developed classification refine the existing understanding of the phytocenotic structure of the forest cover of the broad-leave–coniferous zone. Three forest formation groups with different shares of broad-leave species in the canopy with seven groups of associations were described: a) coniferous forests with broad-leave species (small- and broad-herb spruce forests with oak and lime (1)); broad-herb spruce forests with oak and lime (2); small- and broad-herb pine forests with spruce, lime, oak and hazel (3); broad-herb pine forests with lime, oak and hazel (4)), b) broad-leave–coniferous forests (broad-herb spruce–broad-leave forests (5)), and c) broad-leave forests (broad-herb oak forests (6), broad-herb lime forests (7)). In the row of discussed syntaxa from 1 to 7 group, the change in the ratio of coniferous and broad-leave species of the tree layer (A) reflects re­gular decrease in the participation of spruce in the plant cover (from 66 to 6 %; Fig. 3 A1, A2) and an increase in oak and lime more than threefold (from 15 to 65 %; Fig. 4 a). Nemoral species predominate in the composition of ground layers, the cove­rage of which increases (from 40 to 80 %) in the range from 1 to 7 group, the coverage of the boreal group varies from 55 to 8 % (Fig. 11) while maintaining the presence of these species, even in nemoral lime and oak forests. In forests with equal share of broad-leave and coniferous trees (group 5) the nemoral species predominate in herb layer. In oak forests (group 6) the species of the nitro group are maximally represented, which is natural for oak forests occurring on rich soils, and also having abundant undergrowth of hazel. Practically in all studied groups the presence of both coniferous (in particular, spruce) and broad-leave trees in undergrowth (B) and ground layer (C) were present in equal proportions (Fig. 3). This does not confirm the unambiguity of the enrichment with nemoral species and increase in their cover in complex spruce and pine forests in connection with the climate warming in this region, but rather indicates on natural change of the main tree species in the cenopopulations. Further development of the stand and the formation of coni­ferous or broad-leave communities is conditioned by landscape. It is proved that the distribution of different types of communities is statistically significant due to the relief. According to the results of the analysis of remote information, the distribution areas of coniferous forests with broad-leave species, mixed and broad-leave forest areas for the study region are represented equally. The largest massifs of broad-leave–coniferous forests are located in the central and western parts of the study area, while in the eastern one the broad-leave forests predominate, that is a confirmation of the zonal ecotone (along the Pakhra River: Petrov, Kuzenkova, 1968) from broad-leave–coniferous forests to broad-leave forests.

Potenzielle Eichenwuchsgebiete und aktuelle Eichenmischwälder der Schweiz | Potential oak sites and actual mixed oak forests in Switzerland

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Urs Mühlethaler ◽  
Yvonne Reisner ◽  
Nele Rogiers
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Growth Area ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Middle Spotted Woodpecker ◽  
Evaluation Matrix ◽  
Common Oak

On behalf of the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Swiss College for Agriculture established the basis to foster oak species in Switzerland. For this, the growth areas of three oak species, common oak (Quercus robur), sessile oak (Q. petraea) and pubescent oak (Q. pubescens) were assessed throughout the entire country. The assessment was based on their physiological potential, their natural growth area and on the appearance of the middle spotted woodpecker. In addition, the older mixed oak stands were surveyed. These fundamental data were collected with a geographical information system and analyzed for each canton. Altogether, approximately one-fourth of the Swiss forest area is suitable for oak. The natural oak growth area covers however 38 500 ha only. About 19 000 ha of forest are populated by the middle spotted woodpecker and extended older mixed oak forests are found on approximately 24 500 ha. According to the applied evaluation matrix, the greatest potential for fostering oak species lies in eight cantons: Aargau, Zürich, Solothurn, Thurgau, Vaud, BaselLandschaft, Ticino and Schaffhausen.

Aire et gestion des ressources en chêne du canton de Vaud: dossier d'un avenir immédiat | Resource management and distribution area of oak in canton Vaud: an issue for the immediate future

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (s1) ◽  
pp. s65-s73
Author(s):  
Denis Horisberger ◽  
Micheline Meylan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Genetic Inheritance ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
New Situation

When climatic changes are taken into account in forestry management, the question arises of the choice of tree species in order to adapt the forests to increased temperatures and stress arising from lack of water. The oak could be the main species accommodating itself to the new situation up to an altitude of about 900 m. A maximal development of this genetic inheritance adapted to our soils and the reinstallation of a network of oak forests would in fact give a new boost to the exceptional biodiversity linked to this species. In canton Vaud, the application of a sylviculture favourable to the oak would concern a relatively small and reasonable area of approximately 8,000 hectares, which corresponds to less than 20% of the surface theoretically adapted to this species, with a rhythm of rejuvenation of about 40 hectares a year.

Radiometric Chronology of Neh–nar Glacier, Kashmir

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (98) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Nijampurkar ◽  
N. Bhandari ◽  
C. P. Vohra ◽  
V. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Movement Rate ◽  
Accumulation Zone ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Two Component

AbstractSurface and core samples of Neh–nar Glacier in the Kashmir Valley have been analysed for the radionuclides 32Si. 210Pb, 40K, and 137Cs. The lateral and vertical profiles (at an altitude of about 4 140 m) reveal:(1)32Si activity decreasing slowly from the accumulation zone to 4 050 m altitude and then abruptly towards the snout.(2)Five zones of alternating high and low 210Pb activity in the surface samples.(3)An horizon at between 2 and 3 m depth containing 210Pb activity above natural levels. This horizon is also associated with 137Cs and a maximum in total ß activity.The ice samples have been dated on the basis of a simplified two–component model, the “fresh“contribution determined by 2l0Pb and the old component by 32Si. The following conclusions can be drawn from these observations:(1)The model age of the snout ice is c. 850 years.(2)The average rate of ice movement in the lower glacier is about 2 m/year, which compares well with the annual movement rate of 2.65 m/year observed since 1974.

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