Conditional tonic stimulus control of nonspecific arousal

1983 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Kimmel ◽  
N. Birbaumer ◽  
T. Elbert ◽  
W. Lutzenberger ◽  
B. Rockstroh
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Tonic Stimulus

Stimulus Control of Free-Operant Avoidance: An Investigation of Response

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Weiss ◽  
Charles E. Cunningham ◽  
M. Catherine Bushnell
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Free Operant Avoidance ◽  
Operant Avoidance ◽  
Free Operant

A novel clinical applicable bed-side tool for assessing conditioning pain modulation: proof-of-concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-807
Author(s):  
Lars Arendt-Nielsen ◽  
Jesper Bie Larsen ◽  
Stine Rasmussen ◽  
Malene Krogh ◽  
Laura Borg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Finger Nail ◽  
Tonic Stimulus ◽  
Pressure Pain Thresholds ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Descending Pain Modulation ◽  
Finger Pressure

AbstractBackground and aimsIn recent years, focus on assessing descending pain modulation or conditioning pain modulation (CPM) has emerged in patients with chronic pain. This requires reliable and simple to use bed-side tools to be applied in the clinic. The aim of the present pilot study was to develop and provide proof-of-concept of a simple clinically applicable bed-side tool for assessing CPM.MethodsA group of 26 healthy volunteers participated in the experiment. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were assessed as test stimuli from the lower leg before, during and 5 min after delivering the conditioning tonic painful pressure stimulation. The tonic stimulus was delivered for 2 min by a custom-made spring-loaded finger pressure device applying a fixed pressure (2.2 kg) to the index finger nail. The pain intensity provoked by the tonic stimulus was continuously recorded on a 0–10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS).ResultsThe median tonic pain stimulus intensity was 6.7 cm (interquartile range: 4.6–8.4 cm) on the 10 cm VAS. The mean PPT increased significantly (P = 0.034) by 55 ± 126 kPa from 518 ± 173 kPa before to 573 ± 228 kPa during conditioning stimulation. When analyzing the individual CPM responses (increases in PPT), a distribution of positive and negative CPM responders was observed with 69% of the individuals classified as positive CPM responders (increased PPTs = anti-nociceptive) and the rest as negative CPM responders (no or decreased PPTs = Pro-nociceptive). This particular responder distribution explains the large variation in the averaged CPM responses observed in many CPM studies. The strongest positive CPM response was an increase of 418 kPa and the strongest negative CPM response was a decrease of 140 kPa.ConclusionsThe present newly developed conditioning pain stimulator provides a simple, applicable tool for routine CPM assessment in clinical practice. Further, reporting averaged CPM effects should be replaced by categorizing volunteers/patients into anti-nociceptive and pro-nociceptive CPM groups.ImplicationsThe finger pressure device provided moderate-to-high pain intensities and was useful for inducing conditioning stimuli. Therefore, the finger pressure device could be a useful bed-side method for measuring CPM in clinical settings with limited time available. Future bed-side studies involving patient populations are warranted to determine the usefulness of the method.

scholarly journals A further application of composite-stimulus control in additive summation

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Yuan Tsai ◽  
Stanley J. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Additive Summation

Joint stimulus control in a temporal discrimination task

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Pinto ◽  
Inês Fortes ◽  
Armando Machado
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Temporal Discrimination

Stimulus control by same-versus-different relations among multiple visual stimuli.

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Wasserman ◽  
Andrea J. Frank ◽  
Michael E. Young
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Visual Stimuli
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