scholarly journals The earliest ether anaesthetic in British North America - a first for Saint John, New Brunswick?

1987 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
British North America ◽  
Saint John

Canadian Confederation and the Protestant Churches

1969 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-337
Author(s):  
John Webster Grant
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Federal State ◽  
British North America ◽  
Protestant Churches

On July 1, 1867, the colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were united by an act of the imperial parliament—The British North America Act—to form a federal state known as Canada. The centennial of this Confederation was celebrated by Canadians in 1967. In this paper I want to discuss its influence on the Protestant churches of Canada.

Reconstructing the Avalon continent: marginal to inner platform transition in the Cambrian of southern New Brunswick

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1185-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Landing
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Saint John ◽  
Eastern Massachusetts

A west to east, marginal to inner Avalonian platform transition, comparable to that in southeast Newfoundland and southern Britain, is present in the Cambrian of southern New Brunswick. The Saint John–Caton's Island–Hanford Brook area lay on the marginal platform, and its thick, uppermost Precambrian–lower Lower Cambrian is unconformably overlain by trilobite-bearing, upper Lower Cambrian. An inner platform remnant is preserved in the Cradle Brook outlier 60 km northeast of Saint John. In contrast to the marginal platform sequences, the Cradle Brook outlier has a very thin lower Lower Cambrian and has middle Lower Cambrian strata (Bonavista Group) not present on the marginal platform. The Cradle Brook Lower Cambrian closely resembles inner platform successions in eastern Massachusetts and Trinity and Placentia bays, southeast Newfoundland. A limestone with Camenella baltica Zone fossils on Cradle Brook seems to be the peritidal limestone cap of the subtrilobitic Lower Cambrian known in Avalonian North America (Fosters Point Formation) and England (Home Farm Member).

scholarly journals Hope Restored: the United Empire Loyalist Settlement in British North America, 1775–1812

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Bogdanowicz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
British Government ◽  
Government Assistance ◽  
British North America ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Canadian Provinces

The article looks into the process of resettlement of the United Empire Loyalists from the newly created United States to British North America. The settlement, political and social considerations, as well as the logistic challenges to the already-existing Canadian provinces are evaluated. The paper utlines the creation of New Brunswick and Upper Canada; it also investigates the issues of the Indian and Black loyalists’ repatriation and the British government assistance in the process.

Frontierism, Capital, and the American Loyalists in Canada

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Temperley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
British North America ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
William Cobbett

Everyone agrees that the American Loyalists had a hard time of it. Not only were they on the losing side in a long and cruel war — in their case rendered particularly bitter by virtue of being a civil war — but when hostilities ended they found themselves deprived of possessions, forced into exile, severed from relations and friends, and obliged to adapt to unfamiliar customs and surroundings. For those who took refuge in what remained of British North America, as approximately half of them did — some 40,000 in all — starting over again involved special difficulties. Winters there were long and cold, and the territories in which they found themselves were mostly still in a state of nature, uncultivated, unmapped, and in some cases virtually unexplored. Indeed, how suitable these lands were for settlement was at first by no means clear. “ Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Canada,” observed William Cobbett, who visited the Maritimes shortly after the arrival of the first exiles, “ are the horns, the head, the neck, the shins and the hoof of the ox, and the United States are the ribs, the sirloin, the kidneys, and the rest of the body.” This was not entirely true, but it was a notion which must have crossed the minds of many of the refugees themselves as, wintering in their camps, they contemplated the wilderness around them.

Andrew Leith Adams

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Greer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Military Career ◽  
British North America ◽  
Northern India ◽  
British Military ◽  
Medical Career ◽  
The Military

Set in Malta, chapter 3 follows the military medical career of Andrew Leith Adams, military surgeon with the Twenty-Second Regiment of Foot, whose military and scientific networks and travels to northern India, Malta, Egypt, and New Brunswick, British North America, helped him to conceive ideas of tropicality, semitropicality, and the temperate. To Adams, temperate martial masculinity was both a physical and mental state and a climatic zone important in the maintenance of a British military career across the British Empire. His ornithological investigations also allowed him to contemplate the zoological connectivity between Europe and North Africa.

The limits of imperial influence: John James Audubon in British North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-318
Author(s):  
Debra J. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
British North America ◽  
The Arts ◽  
John James Audubon ◽  
Intellectual Elites

For two decades, John James Audubon (1785–1851) travelled widely and frequently while working on his illustrated natural history volumes – still highly prized today for their aesthetic and scientific merit: Birds of America (1827–1838) and Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America (1846–1854). Neither independently wealthy nor employed as a salaried scientist, the artist-naturalist with a flair for marketing financed his projects by selling subscriptions. Successfully marketing Birds to members of the British aristocracy, as well as to organizations and to artistic and intellectual elites, Audubon was reluctant to take Quadrupeds to Britain even though sales there were key to the financial viability of his work. Instead, in 1842 Audubon travelled to Canada (now Ontario and Quebec), the most populous region of British North America. The colony was, he calculated, a viable source of subscribers; however, he was wrong. Moreover, having travelled to British North America previously, he should have expected modest returns. Nonetheless, he was optimistic that this expedition would succeed where those to New Brunswick (1832) and Labrador and Newfoundland (1833) had failed. This paper examines why success eluded Audubon in the colonies, arguing that entrepreneurialism buttressed by patronage – a winning strategy in Britain – failed because there was a vast difference between metropolis and hinterland when it came to supporting the arts and sciences.

scholarly journals THE COCCIDÆ OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA

1901 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 179-180
Author(s):  
Geo. B. King
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
British North America ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Interesting Species

The following list of the Coccidæ found to inhabit Canada is complete, so far as the published records show, together with some other information derived from corresponding with Prof. Cockerell, Dr. Fletcher, and Mr. John Dearness. Much, however, has been obtained from material sent to me for identification. In reviewing the list it will be seen that Ontario has 25 species of Coccids credited to her; while Ottawa has 18; Toronto, 6; Quebec, 3; Prince Edward Island, 3; Nova Scotia, 4; New Brunswick, 2; and British Columbia, 6. One has been found in an ants' nest, 8 in greenhouses, and there have been 8 new species described from Canada. There are 46 species, 27 of which are native to North America, 14 are introduced, and 4 whose home is unknown, but which were probably introduced. The large majority of the species have been found by Dr. Fletcher, or at least have passed through his hands. Much credit, however, is due Mr. John Dearness, who has taken great interest in looking for these very injurious insects, and has sent me several very interesting species.

scholarly journals The Miíkmaq, Poor Settlers, and the Nova Scotia Fur Trade, 1783-1853

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Gwyn
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
River Valley ◽  
British North America ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Saint John ◽  
Saint John River Valley

Abstract Nova Scotia's fur trade has hitherto been overlooked. It was of small importance so long as hostilities dominated Nova Scotia until 1758-60. Once peace settled on the colony, and when the Mi'kmaq of Nova Scotia held a virtual monopoly on trapping, the trade remained of little consequence. The principal source of the harvested furs was neither Cape Breton nor peninsular Nova Scotia, but the upper Saint John River Valley in Maliseet territory, and much of it was exported to London via Boston. With the influx of loyalist refugees in the 1780s, the fur trade in what remained of Nova Scotia began in earnest. This view, based on an extensive examination of British Customs House records, is contrary to what previous historians have stated. Led by Nova Scotia's harvest of mink and fox, which represented, after 1810, between 20% and 25% of the annual exports from British North America to London, the colony's fur trade remained vigorous until the 1860s. Much of this increased production, exported from Halifax, resulted from the efforts of poor settlers, who successfully challenged the Native monopoly, as the Nova Scotia Mi'kmaq, from the 1780s, were pushed to the very brink of extinction as a people.

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