Constantin carathéodory: mathematics and politics in turbulent times

The study introduces a Hungarian economic thinker, István Varga*, whose valuable activity has remained unexplored up to now. He became an economic thinker during the 1920s, in a country that had not long before become independent of Austria. The role played by Austria in the modern economic thinking of that time was a form of competition with the thought adhered to by the UK and the USA. Hungarian economists mainly interpreted and commented on German and Austrian theories, reasons for this being that, for example, the majority of Hungarian economists had studied at German and Austrian universities, while at Hungarian universities principally German and Austrian economic theories were taught. István Varga was familiar not only with contemporary German economics but with the new ideas of Anglo-Saxon economics as well — and he introduced these ideas into Hungarian economic thinking. He lived and worked in turbulent times, and historians have only been able to appreciate his activity in a limited manner. The work of this excellent economist has all but been forgotten, although he was of international stature. After a brief summary of Varga’s profile the study will demonstrate the lasting influence he has had in four areas — namely, business cycle research and national income estimations, the 1946 Hungarian stabilisation program, corporate profit, and consumption economics — and will go on to summarise his most important achievements.

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Monetary Policy in Turbulent Times: Impact of Unconventional Monetary Policies

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1669948 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anil Perera

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Monetary Policies ◽

Turbulent Times

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What Drives Pension Indexation in Turbulent Times? An Empirical Examination of Dutch Pension Funds

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2202196 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Dirk Broeders ◽

Paul Hilbers ◽

David R. Rijsbergen

Keyword(s):

Pension Funds ◽

Empirical Examination ◽

Turbulent Times

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780198804802.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rosamund Oates

Keyword(s):

Civil Wars ◽

Pivotal Role ◽

Elizabeth I ◽

Henry Viii ◽

James I ◽

Protestant Church ◽

Charles I ◽

Turbulent Times ◽

Stuart England ◽

The Church

Tobie Matthew (c.1544–1628) lived through the most turbulent times of the English Church. Born during the reign of Henry VIII, he saw Edward VI introduce Protestantism, and then watched as Mary I violently reversed her brother’s changes. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, Matthew rejected his family’s Catholicism to join the fledgling Protestant regime. Over the next sixty years, he helped build a Protestant Church in England under Elizabeth I, James I, and Charles I. Rising through the ranks of the Church, he was Archbishop of York in the charged decades leading up to the British Civil Wars. Here was a man who played a pivotal role in the religious politics of Tudor and Stuart England, and nurtured a powerful strain of Puritanism at the heart of the established Church....

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Strengthening the Innovation Resilience of Polish Manufacturing Firms in Unstable Environments

Journal of the Knowledge Economy ◽

10.1007/s13132-021-00725-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Wziątek-Kubiak ◽

Marek Pęczkowski

Keyword(s):

Public Support ◽

Probit Model ◽

Manufacturing Firms ◽

Community Innovation Survey ◽

Innovation Activities ◽

Turbulent Times ◽

Unstable Environment ◽

Innovative Resources ◽

Accuracy Of Prediction ◽

Second Period

AbstractThis study examines factors that increase resilience in innovation of Polish manufacturing firms in an unstable environment. Organizational resilience in innovation is the ability to continuously perform innovation in a turbulent environment and increase knowledge accumulation. In 2008–2012, Poland did not have crisis itself. Short-term slowdown of the economy was accompanied by a breakdown of innovation activities, with a medium-term effect. Based on the Polish Community Innovation Survey panel data for two periods: the innovation crisis (2008–2010), and the innovation pessimism period (2010–2012), this study shows which innovative resources change the probability of innovation continuity in the second period. In our probit model, we explore 42 factors of innovations. We found that financing, R&D and marketing increased the probability of continuity of innovation, but the influence of financing was the strongest. Persistence in innovation in turbulent times hence requires a change in the structure of innovation resources used. Due to the fact that public support on innovation did not increase the likelihood of the continuity of the innovation, a policy change is required. Reliability of our estimation is confirmed by accuracy of prediction of firms, which was 78.2%.

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