Cytoplasmic male sterility in sorghum: Organization and expression of mitochondrial genes in Indian CMS cytoplasms

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddha P. Sane ◽  
Pravendra Nath ◽  
Prafullachandra V. Sane
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes

Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements and transcriptional alterations in the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474-1480
Author(s):  
C A Makaroff ◽  
J D Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

Maternally inherited mutations, such as cytoplasmic male sterility, provide useful systems in which to study the function of plant mitochondrial genomes and also their interaction with nuclear genes. We have studied the organization and expression of the organelle genomes of the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish and compared them with those of normal radish to identify alterations that might be involved in cytoplasmic male sterility. The chloroplast DNAs of Ogura and normal radish are virtually indistinguishable, whereas their mitochondrial DNAs are highly rearranged. Alignment of a restriction map constructed for the 257-kilobase Ogura mitochondrial genome with that published for the 242-kilobase genome of normal radish reveals that the two mitochondrial DNAs differ in arrangement by at least 10 inversions. The transcriptional patterns of several known mitochondrial genes and of rearranged mitochondrial sequences were examined in three nuclear backgrounds. Altered transcripts were observed for three mitochondrial genes, atpA, atp6, and coxI. Rearrangements map near each of these genes and therefore may be responsible for their transcriptional alterations. Radish nuclear genes that restore fertility to the Ogura cytoplasm have no effect on the atp6 and coxI transcripts, but do influence the atpA transcriptional pattern.

Genetic plasticity and its consequences: perspectives on gene organization and expression in plant mitochondria

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Bonen ◽  
Gregory G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Plant Mitochondria ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Gene Organization ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Dna Rearrangements ◽  
Chimeric Genes ◽  
Restorer Genes

Flowering plants have complex mitochondrial genomes that exhibit remarkable plasticity in size and structure. Their recombinogenic nature contributes to a mosaic of DNA sequences, both endogenous and exogenous in origin. This review focuses on the effects that DNA rearrangements have on the organization, structure, and expression of mitochondrial genes in both normal and mutant plants. The association of mitochondrial DNA recombinational events with the phenomenon of cytoplasmic male sterility is highlighted. Key words: chimeric genes, cytoplasmic male sterility, DNA rearrangements, gene expression, genome evolution, mitochondrial genes, nuclear restorer genes.

scholarly journals Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in beets: an overview

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Mikami ◽  
Masayuki P. Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroaki Matsuhira ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kitazaki ◽  
Tomohiko Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Restorer Of Fertility ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Fertility Genes

Sugarbeet cultivars are almost exclusively hybrids, which are produced using the sole source of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), the so-called Owen CMS. Several alternative sources of CMS have been described. One of these, I-12CMS(3), was derived from wild beets collected in Pakistan, and another CMS source, GCMS, has a cytoplasmic origin in wild sea beets from France. During the past decade, male sterility-associated mitochondrial genes have been identified in these three CMS systems. Moreover, the recent development of a variety of DNA markers has permitted the genetic mapping of nuclear restorer-of-fertility genes for both Owen and GCMS. This review focuses on the mechanism of CMS in beets.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements and transcriptional alterations in the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Makaroff ◽  
J D Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

Maternally inherited mutations, such as cytoplasmic male sterility, provide useful systems in which to study the function of plant mitochondrial genomes and also their interaction with nuclear genes. We have studied the organization and expression of the organelle genomes of the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish and compared them with those of normal radish to identify alterations that might be involved in cytoplasmic male sterility. The chloroplast DNAs of Ogura and normal radish are virtually indistinguishable, whereas their mitochondrial DNAs are highly rearranged. Alignment of a restriction map constructed for the 257-kilobase Ogura mitochondrial genome with that published for the 242-kilobase genome of normal radish reveals that the two mitochondrial DNAs differ in arrangement by at least 10 inversions. The transcriptional patterns of several known mitochondrial genes and of rearranged mitochondrial sequences were examined in three nuclear backgrounds. Altered transcripts were observed for three mitochondrial genes, atpA, atp6, and coxI. Rearrangements map near each of these genes and therefore may be responsible for their transcriptional alterations. Radish nuclear genes that restore fertility to the Ogura cytoplasm have no effect on the atp6 and coxI transcripts, but do influence the atpA transcriptional pattern.

scholarly journals Cytoplasmic male sterility in sorghum: Organization and expression of mitochondrial genes in Indian CMS cytoplasms

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-453
Author(s):  
Aniruddha P. Sane ◽  
Pravendra Nath ◽  
Prafullachandra V. Sane
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes

Molecular studies of cytoplasmic male sterility in maize

1988 ◽  
Vol 319 (1193) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bacterial Respiration ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Restorer Genes ◽  
Respiration Of Mitochondria

A few extra genes that are not found in the mitochondria of other organisms are encoded by plant mitochondrial genomes. Current evidence suggests that the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) trait of maize is due to mitochondrial gene mutations. In the sterile maize (CMS-T) a unique mitochondrial gene, designated urf /13-T, appears to cause CMS and susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Helminthosporium maydis race T, and its pathotoxin, T-toxin. The urf 13-T gene encodes a 13 kDa polypeptide that is located in the mitochondrial membrane. In CMS-T two nuclear restorer genes, Rf 1 and Rf 2, countermand the CMS trait and restore viable pollen production. The Rf 1 locus appears to contribute to pollen restoration by reducing the expression of the 13 kDa protein. The function of the Rf 2 gene is unknown. T-toxin and the insecticide methomyl inhibit respiration of mitochondria from CMS-T but not from other maize cytoplasms. When the urf 13-T gene is transformed into E. coli cells and expressed, bacterial respiration is inhibited by both T-toxin and methomyl. Respiration is not inhibited by these compounds in the absence of the 13 kDa protein or with a truncated version of the protein. These studies indicate that the 13 kDa protein is responsible for conferring sensitivity to T-toxin and methomyl. The male-sterile cytoplasm, CMS-C, contains mutations of the mitochondrial genes atp 9, atp 6 and cox II. These mutations have resulted from rearrangements involving portions of mitochondrial genes and chloroplast DNA. One of these gene mutations may be responsible for CMS; however, we currently have no evidence confirming this possibility. Nevertheless, it is clear that different factors cause male sterility in CMS-T and CMS-C because the urf 13-T gene is only found in CMS-T.

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