HWWA index of world market prices of commodites

The subject of the researchis the activity of sovereign funds as a tool of the budgetary policy ensuring the sustainability of the budget system and having a positive impact on the national currency rate.The relevance of the researchis due, first, to the changing conditions, goals and tasks of establishing sovereign funds in the XXI century and, second, to the need to update approaches to coordination of the fiscal and monetary policies with account for modern macroeconomic challenges and shocks.The purpose of the researchwas to identify current trends in the development of sovereign funds and define the main areas for improving the mechanism for the formation of sovereign funds and making use of their money in Russia. Based on the analysis of the foreign and domestic experience in running sovereign funds, the paper reveals the stages and trends of their development. It also shows the changes in the conceptual approaches, sources and rules for the formation of sovereign funds and analyzes the prospects of their modernization. A special focus is placed on increasing the transparency of sovereign funds, in particular, Russian funds.The paper concludesthat in order to achieve the strategic goals and tasks of the Russian National Wealth Fund it is necessary to develop a long-term development strategy for Russian sovereign funds. Besides, to reduce the dependence of the budget system revenues on the world market prices, parts of corporate tax revenues and PIT revenues can be transferred to the National Welfare Fund, which will make it possible to maintain the counter-cyclical nature of the budgetary policy.

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Export Crops and Civil Conflict

Journal of the European Economic Association ◽

10.1093/jeea/jvz025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1484-1520 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin Crost ◽

Joseph H Felter

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Crop Production ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Civil Conflict ◽

World Market ◽

The Philippines ◽

Agricultural Export ◽

Market Prices ◽

Export Crops

Abstract Many experts see a move toward high-value export crops, such as fruits and vegetables, as an important opportunity for economic growth and poverty reduction, but little is known about the effects of export crops in fragile and conflict-affected countries. We exploit movements in world market prices combined with geographic variation in crop production to show that increases in the value of bananas, the country’s biggest export crop, caused an increase in conflict violence and insurgent-controlled territory in the Philippines. This effect was concentrated in provinces where bananas are produced in large plantations with areas greater than 25 hectares. Our results are consistent with a mechanism in which insurgents fund their operations by extorting large agricultural export firms.

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Cassava as animal feed

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.1177/003072707400800103 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D G Coursey ◽

D Halliday

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Policy ◽

Animal Feed ◽

World Market ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Present Position ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Market Prices ◽

Cassava Production ◽

The Common ◽

Price Situation

Although more than 90% of the world's cassava production is used for human food, interest in this crop as an energy source for inclusion in pig and poultry feeds was greatly stimulated by the artificial price situation in EEC countries created by implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy. Relative European and world market prices for both protein and energy sources have since changed radically. In this article the present position and future prospects are reviewed.

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Evaluation of the determinants of growing current account deficit

Socialiniai tyrimai ◽

10.15388/st.2014.23081 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 123-133

Author(s):

Lina Garšvienė ◽

Mindaugas Butkus

Keyword(s):

Current Account ◽

Current Account Deficit ◽

Developed Countries ◽

World Market ◽

Domestic Demand ◽

Market Prices ◽

Developing And Developed Countries

The objective of the paper is to identify and generalize the factors determining the growth of current account deficit and select the periods of growing current account deficit and evaluate their determinants. The results of the analysis confirmed the growing current account deficit reaching from 3% to 30% of GDP in different developing and developed countries. The results showed that growing current account deficit is strongly determined by domestic demand and market prices; however, other factors such as national openness, international movement of capital, and the condition of world market have no significant impact.

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Algeria could be forced into external borrowing

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db251527 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

World Market ◽

Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽

Market Prices ◽

Content Type ◽

Oil And Natural Gas ◽

One Year ◽

Natural Gas Demand ◽

External Borrowing ◽

Budget Revenue

Significance The collapse of world market prices of oil and natural gas since early March will have a severe impact on the finances of the Algerian government, which relies on hydrocarbons sales for more than 90% of export earnings and for at least half its budget revenue. Impacts Foreign exchange reserves could fall below the level needed to cover one year of imports by the end of 2020. A slump in natural gas demand in Europe would hit Algeria hard, given that its main markets are Italy, Spain and France. Given the scale of the COVID-19 crisis, Algiers may be entitled to IMF compensatory financing with fewer conditions than a formal programme.

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Validation of EXNUT for Scheduling Peanut Irrigation in North Carolina1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-25-1-13 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 50-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. I. Davidson ◽

W. J. Griffin ◽

M. C. Lamb ◽

R. G. Williams ◽

G. Sullivan

Keyword(s):

World Market Price ◽

Market Price ◽

World Market ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Market Prices ◽

Percentage Point Increase ◽

Net Returns ◽

Point Increase ◽

County Agents ◽

Medium Type

Abstract During crop years 1989-1992 EXNUT concepts and a version of EXNUT modified for North Carolina conditions were evaluated. This version was revised and evaluated on 20-25 peanut fields during crop years 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 when average yields of 4360, 4890, 4640, 4530, and 4770 kg/ha, respectively, were obtained. These yields averaged 880 kg/ha higher than average yields produced on these irrigated fields prior to 1993 and 1660 kg/ha higher than the average county yields during 1993-1997. The farmers and county agents reported that irrigation scheduled by EXNUT provided an estimated 500 kg/ha increase in yields. Costs of running EXNUT were estimated at $5.14/ha. Using these estimates, net returns from using EXNUT instead of normal irrigation scheduling by the farmer was $272.76/ha. Average compliance of farmers with EXNUT water scheduling recommendations was 85 and 75% for wet years (1994 and 1996) and dry years (1993, 1995, and 1997), respectively. On the average, a 71% or higher compliance with EXNUT recommendations on fields with sandy- and medium-type soils resulted in yields greater than 4480 kg/ha, making irrigation of peanuts feasible in these fields at a world market price as low as $350 per metric ton. Every percentage point increase in compliance with EXNUT recommendations on these fields resulted in an increase in yield of 50 and 110 kg/ha during wet and dry years, respectively. Yields from fields with heavy type soils averaged only 3850 kg/ha because of excessive disease and harvest losses. On the average, peanuts can be produced on this heavy-type soil at world market prices of $410/metric ton if compliance with EXNUT recommendations is at least 80%. This 9-yr study is an example of how expert systems can be transferred through cooperation of researchers, extension specialists, and users.

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