Plant responses to water stress: changes in growth, dry matter production, stomatal frequency and leaf anatomy

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nautiyal ◽  
H. K. Badola ◽  
M. Pal ◽  
D. S. Negi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stress Changes

Comparison of the responses of two Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes to post-flowering soil water deficit with the response of canola (B. napus L.) cv. Monty

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Gunasekera ◽  
R. J. French ◽  
L. D. Martin ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Total Oil

The responses to water stress during the post-flowering period of two mustard breeding lines (887.1.6.1 and Muscon) and a commercial canola cv. Monty were tested in the field at Merredin in the low-rainfall Mediterranean-type environment of Western Australia. Three water-stress treatments were imposed using supplemental irrigation and a rain-exclusion shelter. Increasing water stress in the post-flowering period significantly reduced dry matter production and seed yields. Harvest index was slightly increased by mild stress, but reduced back to control levels by severe stress. Pods/plant, seeds/pod, and 1000-seed weight were all reduced by water stress. Dry matter production was higher in mustard than in canola, due to its greater water use and radiation interception. Water-use efficiency (WUE) for dry matter production and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) were higher in mustard than in canola. WUE for dry matter production and RUE were insensitive to the levels of water stress in mustard in this experiment, but declined significantly in canola. The greater water use in mustard and insensitivity of WUE for dry matter production and RUE to water stress were attributed to significantly higher levels of osmotic adjustment in mustard, although osmotic adjustment was also observed in canola. Despite this, canola seed yield was not significantly lower than the seed yield of the better mustard genotype, although stress caused a significantly greater percentage yield reduction in canola. This is because canola had a higher harvest index, which also meant it had higher WUE than mustard for grain production under mild stress. Mustard’s poorer harvest index was due to more of the dry matter being invested in stem and, in the case of cv. Muscon, to a short reproductive duration and a low proportion of pod weight allocated to seed. Canola had significantly higher seed oil concentration than mustard, which meant that it produced higher total oil yield despite sometimes producing lower seed yield. However, its oil concentration was reduced more by stress than mustard’s, so under the most severe stress conditions, both mustard genotypes produced higher total oil yield. Mustard has potential as an oil-producing crop in the low-rainfall Mediterranean-type environments of Western Australia, but improved genotypes, greater harvest index, and greater seed yield are required.

scholarly journals Zinc Induced Variations in Dry Matter Production, Partitioning and Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under Water Stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
B. Srikanth ◽  
K. Jayalalitha ◽  
M. Sree Rekha
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Zinc Application

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2017-18 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla to study the effect of seed pre - treatment and foliar application of zinc on dry matter production, partitioning and yield of mungbean under water stress. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications consists of two main treatments viz., no stress i.e. control (M0) and stress from flowering stage (i.e. from 30 DAS) up to harvest (M1) and seven sub-treatments viz., no zinc application (S0), seed treatment with 0.05% and 0.075% ZnSO4 solutions for 5 hrs before sowing (S1 and S2), foliar spray of 300, 400 and 500 ppm ZnSO4 at 30 DAS (S3, S4 and S5) and water spray at 30 DAS (S6). The results showed that leaf, stem, reproductive parts, total dry matter and seed yield was decreased by 23.0, 23.3, 15.3, 18.7 and 33.6 per cent, respectively in the plants that were subjected to stress from flowering stage over control plants. Foliar zinc spray @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS increased the leaf, stem, reproductive parts dry matter, total dry matter and seed yield by 24.6, 24.8, 20.9, 22.5 and 55.2 per cent, respectively, over untreated plants. Normal irrigated plants sprayed with zinc @ 500 ppm (M0S5) recorded the highest mean values of above parameters and the lowest mean values were recorded by the stressed plants with no zinc application (M1S0). Under water stress, mungbean plants sprayed with zinc @ 500 ppm at 30 DAS (M1S5) increased the leaf, stem, reproductive parts, total dry matter and seed yield by 17.6, 16.4, 23.9, 21.3 and 42.0 per cent, respectively, over unsprayed plants (M1S0).

scholarly journals Modelling of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) for livestock production in diverse environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Smith ◽  
Andrew D. Moore ◽  
Suzanne P. Boschma ◽  
Richard C. Hayes ◽  
Zhongnan Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Several models exist to predict lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) dry matter production; however, most do not adequately represent the ecophysiology of the species to predict daily growth rates across the range of environments in which it is grown. Since it was developed in the late 1990s, the GRAZPLAN pasture growth model has not been updated to reflect modern genotypes and has not been widely validated across the range of climates and farming systems in which lucerne is grown in modern times. Therefore, the capacity of GRAZPLAN to predict lucerne growth and development was assessed. This was done by re-estimating values for some key parameters based on information in the scientific literature. The improved GRAZPLAN model was also assessed for its capacity to reflect differences in the growth and physiology of lucerne genotypes with different winter activity. Modifications were made to GRAZPLAN to improve its capacity to reflect changes in phenology due to environmental triggers such as short photoperiods, declining low temperatures, defoliation and water stress. Changes were also made to the parameter governing the effect of vapour pressure on the biomass-transpiration ratio and therefore biomass accumulation. Other developments included the representation of root development and partitioning of canopy structure, notably the ratio leaf : stem dry matter. Data from replicated field experiments across Australia were identified for model validation. These data were broadly representative of the range of climate zones, soil types and farming systems in which lucerne is used for livestock grazing. Validation of predicted lucerne growth rates was comprehensive owing to plentiful data. Across a range of climate zones, soils and farming systems, there was an overall improvement in the capacity to simulate pasture dry matter production, with a reduction in the mean prediction error of 0.33 and the root-mean-square deviation of 9.6 kg/ha.day. Validation of other parts of the model was restricted because information relating to plant roots, soil water, plant morphology and phenology was limited. This study has highlighted the predictive power, versatility and robust nature of GRAZPLAN to predict the growth, development and nutritive value of perennial species such as lucerne.

scholarly journals Silicon does not alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress in soybean plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 3941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Ruppenthal ◽  
Tiago Zoz ◽  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
Maria Do Carmo Lana ◽  
Deise Dalazen Castagnara
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Beneficial effects of silicon (Si) in the plants growth under conditions of drought stress have been associated with to uptake and accumulation ability of element by different species. However, the effects of Si on soybean under water stress are still incipient and inconclusive. This study investigated the effect of Si application as a way to confer greater soybean tolerance to drought stress. The experiment was carried out in 20-L pots under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial: two water regimes (no stress or water stress) and four Si rates (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg–1). Soybean plants were grown until beginning flowering (R1) growth stage with soil moisture content near at the field capacity, and then it started the differentiation of treatments under drought by the suspension of water supply. Changes in relative water content (RWC) in leaf, electrolyte leakage from cells, peroxidase activity, plant nutrition and growth were measured after 7 days of drought stress and 3 days recovery. The RWC in soybean leaves decreased with Si rates in the soil. Silicon supply in soil with average content of this element, reduced dry matter production of soybean under well-irrigated conditions and caused no effect on dry matter under drought stress. The nitrogen uptake by soybean plants is reduced with the Si application under drought stress. The results indicated that the Si application stimulated the defense mechanisms of soybean plants, but was not sufficient to mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on the RWC and dry matter production.

Response of four grain legumes to water stress in south-eastern Queensland. III. Dry matter production, yield and water use efficiency

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Lawn
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

Dry matter production, yield and water use efficiency of soybean (Glycine max), black gram (Vigna mungo), green gram (V. radiata) and cowpea (V. unguiculata) under irrigated, rain-fed fallowed and rain-fed double-cropped culture were evaluated at Dalby in south-east Queensland. Differential species responses to cultural treatments were related to strategies of growth and water use in response to water stress. The major effect of differences between strategies related to differences in the short term rate of soil water use, which together with the seasonal pattern of water availability influenced both the total, and seasonal pattern of water use. Regardless of strategy adopted, dry matter production was primarily a function of water use. However, seed yield and water use efficiency for seed yield depended on the seasonal pattern of water use. The relative agronomic success of the various strategies therefore depended on the seasonal profiles of water availability. Some implications of the differences in stress response strategy for adaptation of these species to agricultural environments are discussed.

An investigation of the grain yield adaptation of advanced CIMMYT wheat lines to water stress environments in Queensland. II. Classification analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cooper ◽  
DE Byth ◽  
DR Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Wheat Lines

The objective of this study was to use classification methodology to characterize the genotypic variation and line by environment (L x E) interaction for grain yield of a sample of advanced CIMMYT wheat lines and three local check cultivars tested over six Queensland environments. The environments were managed to differ in the magnitude of water stress they imposed on the lines at the critical developmental stage of anthesis. The grouping of lines was based on grain yield. The yield differences among the groups were investigated in terms of yield components and dry matter production and partitioning attributes. Groups of CIMMYT lines which outyielded the two groups which contained the three Queensland cultivars were identified. The yield advantage of the groups of CIMMYT lines decreased with increasing severity of water stress at anthesis and in the environment where the most severe stress was characterized there were no yield differences among the groups of lines. The yield advantage of the groups of CIMMYT lines was generally associated with a higher number of grains per unit area and in some cases a higher grain size. While phenology variation could account for some of the yield differences among the line groups there was considerable yield variation among line groups with similar phenology patterns across the environments. Additional measurements taken on the lines to characterize differences in dry matter production and the partitioning of the dry matter to yield components were not effective in explaining the yield variation among the groups of lines after the effects of phenology were taken into account. While the incidence of the large L x (water-stress) interactions encountered in this study would complicate selection for yield, the identification of groups of advanced CIMMYT lines which outyielded the Queensland cultivars in five of the six environments suggests that the L x (water stress) interactions do not preclude scope for further improvement of grain yield of wheat in Queensland.

Dry matter production of green pea influenced by herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Nádasy ◽  
Gábor Wágner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Pea
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