Relationship between inbreeding coefficient and clonal selection in a potato cultivar development program

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Loiselle ◽  
G. C. C. Tai ◽  
B. R. Christie ◽  
T. R. Tarn
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Cultivar Development

Vigor Rating and Brix for First Clonal Selection Stage of the Canal Point Sugarcane Cultivar Development Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duli Zhao ◽  
Jack C. Comstock ◽  
Barry Glaz ◽  
Serge J. Edme ◽  
Neil C. Glynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Selection Stage

Progress in Potato Cultivar Development — 1916–1991

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-246
Author(s):  
John A. Schoenemann
Keyword(s):  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Cultivar Development

scholarly journals Fungicide Spray Programs for Defender, A New Potato Cultivar with Resistance to Late Blight and Early Blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1327-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Stevenson ◽  
R. V. James ◽  
Debra Ann Inglis ◽  
Dennis A. Johnson ◽  
R. Thomas Schotzko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Ranger Russet ◽  
Progress Curve

Defender (A90586-11) is a new late blight-resistant potato cultivar which was released from the Tri-State Potato Variety Development Program in 2004. Conventional and reduced fungicide spray programs were compared on Defender and Russet Burbank (3 years) and Ranger Russet (1 year) in Wisconsin experimental field trials. Useful levels of field resistance to both late blight and early blight were observed in Defender in the absence of fungicide sprays and reduced fungicide input programs. Disease progressed slowest on Defender regardless of fungicide program, relative to Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet. Organic, conventional, and reduced fungicide spray programs also were compared on Defender and Russet Burbank in experimental greenhouse and field tests in Washington. Fungicide spray programs performed similarly on both Defender and Russet Burbank; however, area under the disease progress curve values for no-fungicide treatments were either three times (greenhouse) or six times (field) lower on Defender compared with Russet Burbank. Regardless of the fungicide program, total yield was higher for Defender than Russet Burbank. Mean economic returns associated with Defender also were higher than for Russet Burbank ($6,196 versus $4,388/ha). Fungicide and nonfungicide treatment programs generated similar returns on Defender whereas conventional and reduced fungicide programs generated comparable but higher returns than the nonfungicide program on Russet Burbank.

scholarly journals PLUM VARIETIES USED AS PARENTS IN ROMANIAN BREEDING PROGRAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Mădălina Butac ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coefficient Of Coancestry ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Genetic Contributions

There are about three thousand varieties belonging to Prunus domestica available at present worldwide that can be used as genitors in plum breeding activity. An analysis of the pedigrees of plum cvs. developed in Romanian breeding programs shows that the most are descended from ‘Tuleu gras’, ‘Renclod Althan’, ‘Anna Späth’, ‘Stanley’ and ‘Early Rivers’, called 'ancestors'. That means the majority of plum cvs. have at least one of the ancestors as parent or grandparent. For those 40 plum cvs. registered in Romania in 60 years an increased number of crosses with these 'ancestors' has led to what we call 'inbreeding'. According to data presented in this paper, ‘Tuleu gras’ cv. was the most frequently used parent in the cross combinations, giving origin to 23 cvs. Among the other frequently used genitors were: ‘Renclod Althan’ (7 cvs.), ‘Anna Späth’ (3 cvs.) and ‘Stanley’ (1 cv.). Many of the cultivars – 32 altogether (80%) have originated from hybridization, whereas 4 cvs. have originated from open pollination, others 3 cvs. from mutagenesis and 1 cv. from clonal selection. The goal of this work is to measure genetic diversity presently use in Romanian plum breeding. Pedigrees of each cv. were used to study the genetic contributions of ancestor. Of the 40 cvs. analyzed, 33 had an inbreeding coefficient other than zero. The overall mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.419 for all cvs., where their parentages were known. For cvs. with unknown parentage (nonrelated with known parentage) the inbreeding coefficient is zero. The mean coefficient of coancestry of 40 plum cvs. are 0.081 with ‘Tuleu gras’ cv., 0.019 with ‘Renclod Althan’ and ‘Anna Späth’ cvs., 0.017 with ‘Early Rivers’ cv., 0.014 with ‘d’Agen’ and ‘Renclod Violet’ cvs. and 0.005 with Stanley cv. In conclusion, plum breeders have worked with populations of greatly reduced genetic diversity and this strategy becomes a problem because it leads to genetic impoverishment, and, also, the loss of the genetic resistance to different diseases.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacity and Flavonoid Content in Wild Strawberries

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiow Y. Wang ◽  
Kim S. Lewers
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Fruit of the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) are a good source of natural antioxidants, which play an important role in protecting human health. Antioxidant levels vary considerably among strawberry genotypes. The cultivated strawberry is a hybrid of two very different wild progenitor species: F. virginiana Mill. and F. chiloensis (L.) Mill. The progenitor species are valued by strawberry breeders as sources of novel traits, but have not been evaluated for antioxidant capacity or levels of antioxidant compounds. The objectives of this study are 1) to evaluate the antioxidant contents and antioxidant activities in representatives of F. virginiana and F. chiloensis in comparison with representatives of the cultivated strawberry species (F. ×ananassa), 2) to determine which strawberry compounds are most closely correlated with antioxidant capacity among these three species, and 3) to identify wild strawberry genotypes with high antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds for use in cultivar development. Fruit of 19 accessions from each of the three species, cultivated strawberry plus the two progenitor species (F. ×ananassa, F. virginiana, and F. chiloensis), were evaluated for levels of antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity), total phenolics, total anthocyanins, ellagic acid, quercetin 3-glucoside plus quercetin 3-glucuronide, kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, p-coumaryl–glucose, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside–succinate, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-glucoside–succinate. Fruit of the 13 accessions tested from the wild progenitor species F. virginiana had significantly higher antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and total anthocyanins than did the fruit of three accessions tested from the cultivated strawberry F. ×ananassa, or the three accessions tested from the other wild progenitor species (F. chiloensis), and will be valuable as a source of parent material for developing more nutritious strawberry cultivars. The high correlation with antioxidant capacity, relative efficiency, and lack of genotype-by-year interaction in this study suggests that the measurement of total phenolics may be the better assay to use for the later selection stages in a strawberry cultivar development program. Of the evaluated F. virginiana accessions, NC 95-19-1, JP 95-1-1, CFRA 0982, NC 96-5-3, and RH 30 fruit were highest in antioxidant capacity and should prove useful toward development of strawberry cultivars with high antioxidant capacities.

Seed production of Australian native grass cultivars: an overview of current information and future research needs

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Cole ◽  
W. H. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Increase

Cultivars of Australian native grasses released in the 1990s are potentially useful for improving the composition of degraded pastures, roadside revegetation and sowing in low-care amenity situations. Over 20 selections or cultivars have been identified and progressed to the stage of commercial seed increase. This review focuses on the challenge of producing high-yielding seed crops for this range of promising Australian native grasses with the aim of fostering commercial-scale seed production operations. Commercialisation of the current suite of native grass cultivars has been difficult, which is often the case for new herbage species. There are a variety of reasons for this including: (i) that experience gained in breeder’s nurseries was not directly transferable to commercial seed growers; (ii) that knowledge of the biology of many species was incomplete; (iii) a lack of basic management information for these new species; and (iv) failure to rigorously apply what is known about the seed increase of new species. Success of new cultivars as seed crops depends on addressing seed production issues as part of the overall cultivar development program, and on breeders maintaining close links with innovative commercial seed growers until the major seed production barriers are overcome and commercial seed becomes available.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Analysis of 14 Potato Genotypes Based on Morphological Characters and SSR Markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Kristianto Nugroho ◽  
Rerenstradika T. Terriyana ◽  
Kusmana Kusmana ◽  
Puji Lestari ◽  
I Made Tasma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis

<p>Potato is one of important carbohydrate sources used as an alternative crop in Indonesia. The challenges in national potato breeding program included low productivity, less tolerance to environmental stresses, and narrow genetic diversity. The purpose of this study was to analyze genetic diversity of 14 potato genotypes based on morphological characters and SSR<br />markers newly developed from genome sequences of Indonesian potato genotypes. Principal component analysis of morphological data was done using program XLSTAT. DNA of 14 potato genotypes were assayed using 22 SSR markers. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using program NTSYS version 2.1. The PCA showed that leaf shape, leaf color, tuber shape,<br />tuber skin color, and tuber color contributed most to the total diversity. SSR polymorphism analysis demonstrated that as many as 196 alleles were detected in this study. The average allele number was 8.9 ranged from 5 to 13 alleles per locus. The average major allele frequencies was 22% ranged from 14 to 43%. Gene diversity ranged from 0.70 to 0.92 with the average of 0.86, meanwhile the heterozigosity observed ranged from 0 to 0.71 with the average of 0.05. Phylogenetic analysis generated two main clusters in the coefficient of similarity 0.77. The first cluster consisted of three genotypes while the second cluster consisted of eleven genotypes. The new developed SSR markers used in this study were able to differentiate potato accessions having similar morphological characters but were different genetically. The results of this study should be useful in assessing<br />genetic materials in potato cultivar development program.</p>

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