Heterogeneity of the maize leaf blade in photosynthetic characteristics, respiration, mineral nutrient contents, and growth substances

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Repka ◽  
Zuzana Jureková
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Maize Leaf

Response of alfalfa and sugar beet to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) parasitism: a physiological and anatomical approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Jelena Gajic Umiljendic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
Leaf Parameters ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

The physiological and anatomical impact of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on alfalfa and sugar beet was examined under controlled conditions. The following parameters were checked: physiological — content of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) and mineral nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and percent of organic and mineral nutrients; and anatomical — thickness of the epidermis and cortex, diameter of the stem and central cylinder of alfalfa plants, diameter of tracheids and phloem cells, area of xylem and phloem, and hydraulic conductance of petiole bundles in petiole vascular bundles of sugar beet plants. Leaf parameters were also measured on both host plants: thickness of upper and underside leaf epidermis, thickness of palisade, spongy and mesophyll tissue, and diameter of vascular bundle cells. Pigments content and anatomical parameters were measured 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d after infestation (DAI), while mineral nutrient contents were determined 20 and 40 DAI. Field dodder caused a significant reduction in pigments content in infested alfalfa (15%–68%) and sugar beet plants (1%–54%). The results obtained in this study confirmed that this parasitic flowering plant has a strong effect on most anatomical parameters of the stem and leaf of alfalfa and leaf and petiole of sugar beet. Also, it was revealed that field dodder increased the contents of N, P2O5, K2O, and organic nutrients in infested alfalfa plants, while infested sugar beet plants had higher contents of N and organic nutrients compared with non-infested plants.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Leaf Sheath Maturation in Maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Dong ◽  
Lei Qin ◽  
Xiuru Dai ◽  
Zehong Ding ◽  
Ran Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Maize Leaf

The morphological development of the leaf greatly influences plant architecture and crop yields. The maize leaf is composed of a leaf blade, ligule and sheath. Although extensive transcriptional profiling of the tissues along the longitudinal axis of the developing maize leaf blade has been conducted, little is known about the transcriptional dynamics in sheath tissues, which play important roles in supporting the leaf blade. Using a comprehensive transcriptome dataset, we demonstrated that the leaf sheath transcriptome dynamically changes during maturation, with the construction of basic cellular structures at the earliest stages of sheath maturation with a transition to cell wall biosynthesis and modifications. The transcriptome again changes with photosynthesis and lignin biosynthesis at the last stage of sheath tissue maturation. The different tissues of the maize leaf are highly specialized in their biological functions and we identified 15 genes expressed at significantly higher levels in the leaf sheath compared with their expression in the leaf blade, including the BOP2 homologs GRMZM2G026556 and GRMZM2G022606, DOGT1 (GRMZM2G403740) and transcription factors from the B3 domain, C2H2 zinc finger and homeobox gene families, implicating these genes in sheath maturation and organ specialization.

Variation of mineral nutrient contents of modern and heirloom cultivars of cabbage in different regimes of soil fertility

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (17) ◽  
pp. 2432-2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen V. Barker ◽  
Touria E. Eaton ◽  
Md J. Meagy ◽  
Emad Jahanzad ◽  
Gretchen M. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Contents

Physical Characters and Antioxidant, Sugar, and Mineral Nutrient Contents in Fruit from 29 Apricot (Prunus armeniacaL.) Cultivars and Hybrids

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (22) ◽  
pp. 10754-10760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlina D. Drogoudi ◽  
Stavros Vemmos ◽  
Georgios Pantelidis ◽  
Evangelia Petri ◽  
Chrysoula Tzoutzoukou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Contents

scholarly journals Protein and mineral nutrient contents in kernels from 72 sweet almond cultivars and accessions grown in France, Greece and Italy

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlina D. Drogoudi ◽  
Georgios Pantelidis ◽  
Loretta Bacchetta ◽  
Donato De Giorgio ◽  
Henri Duval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Sweet Almond

scholarly journals The Effects of Magnetic Treatment On Seedling Growth, Nitrogen Metabolism, And Mineral Nutrient Contents In Populus×Euramericana 'Neva' Under Cadmium Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumei Liu ◽  
Fengyun Ma ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Shiyuan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Magnetic Treatment ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Populus Euramericana

Abstract Background: The potted experiment was carried out to investigate the mechanism of nutrient metabolism and seedling growth caused by magnetic treatment (MT) following exposure to cadmium (Cd) stress. One-year-old seedlings of Populus×euramericana 'Neva' were treated with different Cd(NO3)2 solutions for 30 days. Properties of seedling growth and root morphology were promoted by MT under Cd exposure.Results: Contents of ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3--N), and total nitrogen (TN) in leaves, also NH4+-N and TN in roots, were increased by MT combined with Cd-stress, although NO3--N content was decreased. Activities of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in leaves and activities of NR, GS and GOGAT in roots were stimulated by MT; conversely, NiR activity in roots was inhibited. MT improved the synthesis of cysteine (Cys) and glutamine (Gln) in leaves and reduced the contents of glutamic acid (Glu) and glycine (Gly), while contents of Cys, Glu, Gln, and Gly were increased in roots. (4) The contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were increased by MT under Cd stress in leaves, whereas content of K was reduced. In roots, contents of K, Ca, and Fe were increased by MT under Cd-stress, but the contents of Na, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu were decreased.Conclusions: Magnetization could regulate the uptake of mineral nutrients by roots and translocation from the roots to aboveground parts by affecting the root morphology. MT could also improve nitrogen assimilation and the synthesis of free amino acids by stimulating the activities of key enzymes.

scholarly journals Metabolite Profile of Xylem Sap in Cotton Seedlings Is Changed by K Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Guo Wang ◽  
Huiyun Xue ◽  
Jinbao Zhang ◽  
Qinglian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
K Deficiency

Xylem sap, belonging to the plant apoplast, not only provides plant tissues with inorganic and organic substances but also facilitates communication between the roots and the leaves and coordinates their development. This study investigated the effects of potassium (K) deficiency on the morphology and the physiology of cotton seedlings as well as pH, mineral nutrient contents, and metabolites of xylem sap. In particular, we compared changes in root–shoot communication under low K (LK) and normal K (NK, control) levels. Compared to control, LK stress significantly decreased seedling biomass (leaf, stem, and root dry weight; stem and root length; root surface area and root volume) and the levels of K, Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron), and Zn (zinc) in xylem sap. A total of 82 metabolites in sap analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) showed significant differences between the two conditions; among these, 38 were up-regulated more than 2-fold, while the others were down-regulated less than 0.5-fold. In particular, several metabolites found in the cell membrane including three cholines (glycerophosphatecholine, 2-hexenylcholine, and caproylcholine) and desglucocoroloside and others such as malondialdehyde, α-amino acids and derivatives, sucrose, and sugar alcohol significantly increased under LK stress, indicating that cell membranes were damaged and protein metabolism was abnormal. It is worth noting that glycerophosphocholine was up-regulated 29-fold under LK stress, indicating that it can be used as an important signal of root–shoot communication. Furthermore, in pathway analyses, 26 metabolites were matched to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways; L-aspartic acid, which was associated with 10 KEGG pathways, was the most involved metabolite. Overall, K deficiency reduced the antioxidant capacity of cotton seedlings and led to a metabolic disorder including elevated levels of primary metabolites and inhibited production of secondary metabolites. This eventually resulted in decreased biomass of cotton seedlings under LK stress. This study lays a solid foundation for further research on targeted metabolites and signal substances in the xylem sap of cotton plants exposed to K deficiency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document