Observations on the decrease in sloughing of potato tissue slices on soaking in distilled water

1963 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. Zaehringer ◽  
Helen H. Cunningham ◽  
Duane J. LeTourneau
Keyword(s):  
Distilled Water ◽  
Potato Tissue ◽  
Tissue Slices

scholarly journals Some Biochemical Observation on Peroxidase in Sweet Potato Tissue Slices

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 443-446
Author(s):  
YUTAKA IDO ◽  
HIDEMASA IMASEKI ◽  
IKUZO URITANI
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Potato Tissue ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Biochemical Observation

scholarly journals The Effect of Light upon Development in Potato Tissue Slices

1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Hanebuth ◽  
Robert M. Chasson
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tissue ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Effect Of Light

STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF VITAMIN C IN SLICES OF POTATO TISSUE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. M. Asselbergs ◽  
F. J. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Potato Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Potato Slices

When slices of potato tissue are stored for two days at 23 °C. in moist chambers or in aerated distilled water, the vitamin C content increases 100-300% as measured by the method of Roe et al. The increase does not occur in slices from freshly harvested potatoes. The physiological condition of the potatoes at the time of the experiment is important in determining the amount of increase in slices from potatoes stored for several months. Experiments with auxins and mannitol solutions show that there is no direct relationship between the process of water uptake and vitamin C formation. Solutions of indoleacetic acid and naphthaleneacetic acid increase the amount of vitamin formed. The results of experiments with potassium cyanide, sodium azide, malachite green, 8-hydroxyquinoline, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and 2,4-dinitrophenol suggest that the formation of vitamin C is not directly related to any of the enzyme systems inhibited by the above chemicals. Infiltration of potato slices with solutions of fumaric and malic acid results in an increased formation of vitamin C as compared with the water controls.

scholarly journals Studies on the Roles of Boron in Growth and Sugar-Transport Processes of Sugarcane

1969 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Rafael Montalvo-Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Growth Decline

Sugarcane growth and quality responses to low boron supply were examined with immature plants propagated in sand culture over a period of 5 1/2 months. Plants receiving only traces of boron in once-distilled water experienced significant growth and quality losses without developing visual B-deficiency symptoms. Growth decline was largely confined to lateral internode expansion. Boron insufficiency lowered sucrose production in leaves and significantly altered the rates of sugar transport in bathing storage-tissue slices. Evidence of biochemical boron roles in leaves and of physical-biochemical roles in storage tissues is presented. The importance of major micronutrient restrictions within the realm of "hidden hunger" is discussed.

scholarly journals Studies on Sugar Diffusion From Sugarcane Storage Tissue

1969 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
Nilsa Acín-Díaz ◽  
Alex G. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Tris Buffer ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Bathing Medium ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Diffusion Curve ◽  
Accumulation Mechanism

Sugar diffusion studies were performed with sugarcane stem tissues bathed in distilled water, Tris buffer, and aqueous solutions of various chemical additives. Rind-free tissue slices were prepared with mature and immature internodes from field-grown sugarcane, and from plants propagated in the greenhouse with constant water and nitrogen supply. Sucrose diffusion rates were of sufficient magnitude to have physiological, and possibly economic, significance. Sugar movement to the external media conformed with the operation of an active accumulation mechanism as described by workers in Australia. Initial efflux was rapid up to about 4 hours, achieving a maximum external sugar concentration between 8 and 12 hours, followed by depletion of sucrose in the bathing medium. The depletion phase was attributed to reentry of sugar into the tissue slices rather than inversion. Inclusion of cycloheximide and 2,4-dinitrophenol in the bathing medium permitted a continuing efflux of sucrose amounting to 5- to 10-fold increases over that obtained with distilled water. Actinomycin D produced no appreciable effect on initial efflux rate. 6-methyl purine appeared to block reentry of exited sugar without causing leakage of vacuolar sucrose. Diffusion patterns for mature storage tissue suggested that a single mechanism is operative for field- and greenhouse-reared cane. Tris buffer did not affect sucrose diffusion from mature tissue, but increased diffusion from immature storage tissue owing to an apparent inhibition of acid invertase. In general, sucrose diffusion was of greater magnitude from mature than immature tissue preparations, and reducing sugars diffused at a much lower rate which seldom exceeded 10 percent of the sucrose level. Addition of borate to the bathing medium appreciably increased the quantity of exiting sugar without altering the shape of the diffusion curve. The existence of a sugar-borate carrier system operating in the passage of cellular membranes is suggested. Physiological roles of a diffusible sugar pool in the intercellular spaces or dissolved in cell-wall water are evaluated. The potential significance of diffusion in promoting sucrose losses from stalks mechanically injured during harvest and post-harvest operations is also mentioned.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

Freeze-fracture, freeze-etch complementary pairs of virus-infected cells reveal value of etching even when relatively high concentrations of cryoprotectants are used

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Virus Infected Plant ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
High Concentrations

It has been assumed by many involved in freeze-etch or freeze-fracture studies that it would be useless to etch specimens which were cryoprotected by more than 15% glycerol. We presumed that the amount of cryoprotective material exposed at the surface would serve as a contaminating layer and prevent the visualization of fine details. Recent unexpected freeze-etch results indicated that it would be useful to compare complementary replicas in which one-half of the frozen-fractured specimen would be shadowed and replicated immediately after fracturing whereas the complement would be etched at -98°C for 1 to 10 minutes before being shadowed and replicated.Standard complementary replica holders (Steere, 1973) with hinges removed were used for this study. Specimens consisting of unfixed virus-infected plant tissue infiltrated with 0.05 M phosphate buffer or distilled water were used without cryoprotectant. Some were permitted to settle through gradients to the desired concentrations of different cryoprotectants.

Comparison of Acrylamide and Agar Gels by Freeze-Etching

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Acid Cleaning ◽  
Agar Gels ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Water Cut

Thin sheets of acrylamide and agar gels of different concentrations were prepared and washed in distilled water, cut into pieces of appropriate size to fit into complementary freeze-etch specimen holders (1) and rapidly frozen. Freeze-etching was accomplished in a modified Denton DFE-2 freeze-etch unit on a DV-503 vacuum evaporator.* All samples were etched for 10 min. at -98°C then re-cooled to -150°C for deposition of Pt-C shadow- and C replica-films. Acrylamide gels were dissolved in Chlorox (5.251 sodium hypochlorite) containing 101 sodium hydroxide, whereas agar gels dissolved rapidly in the commonly used chromic acid cleaning solutions. Replicas were picked up on grids with thin Foimvar support films and stereo electron micrographs were obtained with a JEM-100 B electron microscope equipped with a 60° goniometer stage.Characteristic differences between gels of different concentrations (Figs. 1 and 2) were sufficiently pronounced to convince us that the structures observed are real and not the result of freezing artifacts.

Heterogeneity of Size and Distribution of Intramembrane Particles in the Plasma Membrane of Yeast

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 596-597
Author(s):  
E. Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Translational Diffusion ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Intramembrane Particles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Water Cell

The matrix of biological membranes consists of a lipid bilayer into which proteins or protein aggregates are intercalated. Freeze-fracture techni- ques permit these proteins, perhaps in association with lipids, to be visualized in the hydrophobic regions of the membrane. Thus, numerous intramembrane particles (IMP) have been found on the fracture faces of membranes from a wide variety of cells (1-3). A recognized property of IMP is their tendency to form aggregates in response to changes in experi- mental conditions (4,5), perhaps as a result of translational diffusion through the viscous plane of the membrane. The purpose of this communica- tion is to describe the distribution and size of IMP in the plasma membrane of yeast (Candida utilis).Yeast cells (ATCC 8205) were grown in synthetic medium (6), and then harvested after 16 hours of culture, and washed twice in distilled water. Cell pellets were suspended in growth medium supplemented with 30% glycerol and incubated for 30 minutes at 0°C, centrifuged, and prepared for freeze-fracture, as described earlier (2,3).

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