The relationship between bacterial ring rot and North American seed potato export markets

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 683-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. De Boer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
North American ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals History of bacterial ring rot of potato in the Czech Lands and a proposal for relaxation of strict quarantine measures

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kůdela
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Certified Seed ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Entry ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Czech Lands

In the supposed or proven incidence of bacterial ring rot caused by <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> subsp. <i>sepedonicus</i> (<i>Cms</i>) in certified seed and commercial potatoes, five periods can be identified in the Czech Lands from 1910 to 2006: (<i>i</i>) high incidence of <i>Cms</i> in potato crops is claimed (about 1910–1929); (<i>ii</i>) very low incidence in certified potatoes and sporadic occurrence in commercial potatoes (about 1930–1985); (<i>iii</i>) increasing incidence of <i>Cms</i> in certified seed potatoes and its sporadic occurrence in commercial potatoes is assumed (about 1986–1997); (<i>iv</i>) a relatively high percentage of potato tuber samples proved to be infected by <i>Cms</i>, namely 1.14% in seed potatoes in 1998 and 4.13% in commercial potatoes in 1999 (1998–2004 period); (<i>v</i>) progressive decrease of <i>Cms</i> incidence to zero in seed potato samples and 0.19% in commercial samples in 2005, followed by a slight increase to 0.15% in seed potatoes and 0.23% in commercial potatoes in 2006 (2005–2006 period). Thus, up to 2006, <i>Cms</i> was and is not widely distributed in the CR and is actively and effectively controlled, mainly through the zero tolerance for ring rot bacterium in the seed potato certification program. In the CR, <i>Cms</i> has a relatively low capacity for damage and can hardly be considered as a pest of national economic importance. Strictly speaking, <i>Cms</i> does not fulfill the criteria for a quarantine organism. If, however, the quarantine status of <i>Cms</i> will be maintained, the severe post-entry measures against it should be relaxed.

scholarly journals A Risk-Based Approach to Assess the Operational Resilience of Transmission Grids

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4761
Author(s):  
Milorad Papic ◽  
Svetlana Ekisheva ◽  
Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
North American ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Energy Delivery ◽  
The North ◽  
System Components ◽  
Bulk Power ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Modern risk analysis studies of the power system increasingly rely on big datasets, either synthesized, simulated, or real utility data. Particularly in the transmission system, outage events have a strong influence on the reliability, resilience, and security of the overall energy delivery infrastructure. In this paper we analyze historical outage data for transmission system components and discuss the implications of nearby overlapping outages with respect to resilience of the power system. We carry out a risk-based assessment using North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Transmission Availability Data System (TADS) for the North American bulk power system (BPS). We found that the quantification of nearby unscheduled outage clusters would improve the response times for operators to readjust the system and provide better resilience still under the standard definition of N-1 security. Finally, we propose future steps to investigate the relationship between clusters of outages and their electrical proximity, in order to improve operator actions in the operation horizon.

Introduced North American Black Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) Populations are Biennial

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa E. Fettig ◽  
Ruth A. Hufbauer
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Hyoscyamus Niger ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Black Henbane ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
American Black ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bolting And Flowering

AbstractBlack henbane can be either annual or biennial. We investigated which life cycle is found in four introduced western North American populations. Plants were grown in a greenhouse common garden until half were vernalized by exposure to natural winter temperatures, while the other half remained in the greenhouse above 20 C, with 16 h of light and 8 h of dark. In total the plants were monitored 313 d after germination. We measured whether plants bolted, the time it took for bolting to commence, and the size at bolting. All vernalized plants bolted after 117 d of active growth (within 26 d of the end of the vernalization treatment), whereas only 26% of the nonvernalized plants bolted after an average of 278 d of active growth. Vernalized plants bolted at a smaller size than the nonvernalized plants that bolted (28 vs. 41 leaves on average). In the nonvernalized plants, the relationship between time to bolting and size was strong, but not so with the vernalized plants. Our results indicate that introduced black henbane plants are biennial, and that vernalization is more critical to bolting and flowering than reaching a certain size. Nonetheless, the fact that nonvernalized plants were capable of bolting if grown long enough suggests that vernalization is not the only cue that can trigger reproduction in introduced populations.

scholarly journals The effects of geographic range size and abundance on extinction during a time of “sluggish”’ evolution

Paleobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Casey ◽  
Erin E. Saupe ◽  
Bruce S. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Range Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Habitat Tracking

Abstract Geographic range size and abundance are important determinants of extinction risk in fossil and extant taxa. However, the relationship between these variables and extinction risk has not been tested extensively during evolutionarily “quiescent” times of low extinction and speciation in the fossil record. Here we examine the influence of geographic range size and abundance on extinction risk during the late Paleozoic (Mississippian–Permian), a time of “sluggish” evolution when global rates of origination and extinction were roughly half those of other Paleozoic intervals. Analyses used spatiotemporal occurrences for 164 brachiopod species from the North American midcontinent. We found abundance to be a better predictor of extinction risk than measures of geographic range size. Moreover, species exhibited reductions in abundance before their extinction but did not display contractions in geographic range size. The weak relationship between geographic range size and extinction in this time and place may reflect the relative preponderance of larger-ranged taxa combined with the physiographic conditions of the region that allowed for easy habitat tracking that dampened both extinction and speciation. These conditions led to a prolonged period (19–25 Myr) during which standard macroevolutionary rules did not apply.

Insect transmission of the bacterial ring rot pathogen

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Christie ◽  
A. C. Sumalde ◽  
J. T. Schulz ◽  
N. C. Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Insect Transmission

The relationship between forelimb morphology and behaviour in North American carnivores (Carnivora)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1064-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N Iwaniuk ◽  
Sergio M Pellis ◽  
Ian Q Whishaw
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Independent Contrasts ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Olecranon Process ◽  
The Relationship

We tested the validity of previously described relationships between forelimb structure and behaviour in mammals by measuring the forelimbs of 22 species of North American carnivores. Nine ratios were calculated from these measurements and made independent of the effects of allometry and phylogeny through the use of log-transformed regressions and independent contrasts analysis. The ratios were then directly compared with two behavioural traits: arboreal locomotion and vertebrate predation. Only five of the nine ratios exhibited a significant relationship with arboreal locomotion and three with vertebrate predation. It was concluded that the brachial index, relative size of the olecranon process, and total forelimb robusticity may be reliable predictors of arboreal locomotion, and that the brachial index, relative size of the olecranon process, and radial robusticity may be accurate predictors of vertebrate predation. The data also suggest that the morphology of the lower forelimb may be an important indicator of prey-capture and feeding behaviour in carnivores and could be used in conjunction with craniodental variables to extrapolate predatory behaviour of extinct species.

Wilhelm Von Humboldt and North American Ethnolinguistics

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Konrad Koerner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Wilhelm Von Humboldt ◽  
Franz Boas ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Noam Chomsky’s frequent references to the work of Wilhelm von Humboldt during the 1960s produced a considerable revival of interest in this 19th-century scholar in North America. This paper demonstrates that there has been a long-standing influence of Humboldt’s ideas on American linguistics and that no ‘rediscovery’ was required. Although Humboldt’s first contacts with North-American scholars goes back to 1803, the present paper is confined to the posthumous phase of his influence which begins with the work of Heymann Steinthal (1823–1899) from about 1850 onwards. This was also a time when many young Americans went to Germany to complete their education; for instance William Dwight Whitney (1827–1894) spent several years at the universities of Tübingen and Berlin (1850–1854), and in his writings on general linguistics one can trace Humboldtian ideas. In 1885 Daniel G. Brinton (1837–1899) published an English translation of a manuscript by Humboldt on the structure of the verb in Amerindian languages. A year later Franz Boas (1858–1942) arrived from Berlin soon to establish himself as the foremost anthropologist with a strong interest in native language and culture. From then on we encounter Humboldtian ideas in the work of a number of North American anthropological linguists, most notably in the work of Edward Sapir (1884–1939). This is not only true with regard to matters of language classification and typology but also with regard to the philosophy of language, specifically, the relationship between a particular language structure and the kind of thinking it reflects or determines on the part of its speakers. Humboldtian ideas of ‘linguistic relativity’, enunciated in the writings of Whitney, Brinton, Boas, and others, were subsequently developed further by Sapir’s student Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897–1941). The transmission of the so-called Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis – which still today is attracting interest among cultural anthropologists and social psychologists, not only in North America – is the focus of the remainder of the paper. A general Humboldtian approach to language and culture, it is argued, is still present in the work of Dell Hymes and several of his students.

scholarly journals Teknik Inokulasi Buatan Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Cincin Bakteri, pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Djaya ◽  
Ineu Sulastrini ◽  
Iin Rusita
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Rot Disease

ABSTRACT Inoculation Techniques of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the Cause of Bacterial Ring Rot Disease, on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the cause of bacterial ring rot disease on potatoes, has been detected in potato fields in Pangalengan. To anticipate the spread of the pathogen, researches on the desease epidemiology are urgent to be carried out. Artificial inoculation techniques will be useful in the epidemiological studies. The objective of this reasearch was to evaluate some inoculation techniques, which are simple, cheap and fast in causing disease symptoms. The experiment was carried out at the laboratory and glasshouse of Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang. The experiment was arranged in the randomized block design with five treatments of inoculation technique and five replications. The treatments were (a) soaking wounded seed tubers in pathogen suspension, (b) soaking not wounded seed tubers in pathogen suspension, (c) pathogen suspension was injected into leaf axil, (d) pathogen suspension was injected into seed tubers, and (e) pathogen suspension was poured into the planting holes. The results showed that stabbing and soaking tubers in pathogen suspension caused the shortest incubation period (17 days after inoculation) and the highest disease incidence (60%). Keywords : Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Bacterial ring rot, Potatoes, Inoculation techniquesABSTRAKClavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms), penyebab penyakit busuk cincin bakteri pada tanaman kentang, telah terdeteksi keberadaannya pada pertanaman kentang di Pangalengan. Dalam upaya mencegah penyebaran penyakit busuk cincin bakteri di Indonesia, perlu adanya studi epidemiologi patogen tersebut. Pada penelitian epidemiologi akan diperlukan cara menginokulasi tanaman secara buatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan teknik inokulasi buatan yang dapat menyebabkan periode inkubasi yang lebih singkat dan persentase kejadian penyakit busuk cincin bakteri paling tinggi pada tanaman kentang. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca dan laboratorium penyakit Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang. Percobaan dirancang secara rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan teknik inokulasi Cms dan lima ulangan, yaitu inokulasi dengan (a) merendam ubi benih yang telah dilukai dalam suspensi bakteri, (b) merendam ubi benih tanpa dilukai dalam suspensi bakteri, (c) suspensi bakteri ditusukkan pada ketiak daun tanaman kentang, (d) suspensi bakteri ditusukkan pada ubi benih, dan (e) suspensi bakteri disiramkan pada lubang tanam. Masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari lima tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari lima teknik inokulasi buatan yang dilakukan, inokulasi dengan melukai ubi benih dan merendamnya dalam suspensi patogen menghasilkanJurnal Agrikultura 2016, 27 (2): 66-71ISSN 0853-2885Teknik Inokulasi Buatan Clavibacter….67periode inkubasi tersingkat, yaitu 17 hari setelah inokulasi, dan persentase kejadian penyakit tertinggi yaitu sebesar 60%.Kata Kunci : Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Busuk cincin bakteri, Kentang, Inokulasi buatan

scholarly journals Vanitas Obsolescentum An exhibition of images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne Wing Yan Ho
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
North American ◽  
Art History ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
North American Society ◽  
Dutch Golden Age ◽  
American Society ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Vanitas Obsolescentum is a comment on the obsolescence of contemporary commodity. It draws from prominent theories of obsolescence and appropriates 17th century Dutch Vanitas paintings. This paper begins by addressing themes relevant to the conceptual development of the series, including theories of obsolescence as presented by Packard, Papanek and Slade, the relationship of Dutch Golden Age society to contemporary North American society, Dutch Vanitas paintings, and appropriation of the Vanitas genre in contemporary art history and within this series. It provides a rationale for the use of holography as medium to express concepts of transience and hyperreality. This paper concludes with a discussion of the specifics of Vanitas Obsolescentum, including the symbolism and meaning of each piece within the series.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Look at the Relationship Between Materialistic Values and Goals and Type A Behaviour

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Shaun A. Saunders ◽  
Michael W. Allen ◽  
Kay Pozzebon
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Type A ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Materialistic Values ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPrevious research in Australia has inferred that materialism and its possession-defined ‘Success’ subtheme described by Richins and Dawson (1992) has characteristics in common with specific Type A behaviour including competitiveness and aggression. Given that Australian materialists appear to have similar inclinations to their North American counterparts, assumptions by the latter that materialism and Type A behaviour fall under the same cultural value of work and wealth might also be applicable in Australia. Hence, the present study aims to explore the relationship between materialism and Type A behaviour, with psychometric measures of each administered to 193 Australian participants. Scores on Materialism were positively correlated with Type A behaviours, while the Success subscale was only significantly correlated with the second Type A item, assessing competitiveness. However, while materialistic pursuits might provide a culturally sanctioned outlet for competitive behaviours deriving from existing Type A personalities, it could also be argued that contemporary consumer society encourages such behaviours.

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