Interspecific somatic hybridization betweenSolanum tuberosum L. andS. bulbocastanum dun. as a means of transferring nematode resistance

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Austin ◽  
J. D. Pohlman ◽  
C. R. Brown ◽  
H. Mojtahedi ◽  
G. S. Santo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Interspecific Somatic Hybridization

Seed pod shattering in the genus Lotus (Fabaceae): A synthesis of diverse evidence

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Bridge Species ◽  
Interspecific Somatic Hybridization

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a perennial dehiscent species with an indeterminate growth habit. Pod shattering has been a major problem as seed loss is high due to the continuous flowering and time of pod maturity. The anatomy of the pod plays a role in pod shattering. A change in the orientation of the cells in the pericarp in which unequal swelling and shrinkage occur and a lower lignification of the mesocarp have been considered as major causes. The relative humidity (RH) at the time of harvest is also a major factor. The critical RH for dehiscence varies with genotypes between 35 and 49%. Pod dehiscence is uncorrelated with plants grown to maturity under green house conditions and the same plants grown in the field. Management practices (timing of the harvest, clipping early in the season, misting, mowing and turning the windrow during drying, desiccants) have not been successful to control pod shattering. Shattering resistance is a character of high heritability and in Lotus is considered to be controlled by more than one gene. Breeding to reduce shattering through recurrent selection has been unsuccessful. Attempts to transfer the indehiscent seed pod trait from distantly related indehiscent species via interspecific hybridization, diploid bridge species, amphidiploidy, and backcrossing to birdsfoot trefoil, or similarly by interspecific somatic hybridization, have shown promise. The molecular approach has so far not been attempted but since genetic transformation can be carried out in Lotus, this avenue should be investigated. Key words: Birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus, indehiscence, dehiscence, pod shattering, interspecific and somatic hybridization

Interspecific somatic hybridization in potato by protoplast electrofusion

Plant Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Serraf ◽  
Darasinh Sihachakr ◽  
Georges Ducreux ◽  
Spencer C. Brown ◽  
Michè;e Allot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Protoplast Electrofusion ◽  
Interspecific Somatic Hybridization

Interspecific somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and Brassica hirta (Sinapis alba L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Primard ◽  
F. Vedel ◽  
C. Mathieu ◽  
G. Pelletier ◽  
A. M. Ch�vre
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Brassica Hirta ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Interspecific Somatic Hybridization

scholarly journals Analysis of Cytosine Methylation in Genomic DNA of Solanum × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosum Somatic Hybrids

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Paulina Smyda-Dajmund ◽  
Jadwiga Śliwka ◽  
Clizia Villano ◽  
Marta Janiszewska ◽  
Riccardo Aversano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Interspecific Somatic Hybridization

Interspecific somatic hybridization is a noteworthy breeding strategy that allows the production of novel genetic variability when crossing barriers exist between two parental species. Although the genetic consequences of somatic hybridization have been well documented, little is known on its impact at the epigenetic level. The objective of our research was to investigate the epigenetic changes, in particular DNA methylation, occurring in a population of potato somatic hybrids. The analysis of 96 Solanum × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosum somatic hybrids from five fusion combinations and their parents was carried out by methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Six MSAP primer combinations generated 622 unique bands, of which 295 were fully methylated. HPLC analysis showed from 15.5% to 16.9% total cytosine methylation within the parental forms. Overall, the MSAP and HPLC methods indicated an increase in DNA methylation in the somatic hybrids in comparison to their parents. Among the latter, a lower degree of DNA methylation in the wild S. × michoacanum species than S. tuberosum was found. Our findings indicated that somatic hybridization changed the level of cytosine methylation in the studied potato somatic hybrids.

Breeding and usage of sugar beet cultivars and hybrids resistant to sugar beet nematode Heterodera schachtii

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pylypenko ◽  
K. Kalatur
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice

Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871 is one of the most economically important pests of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide. It is also widespread in most sugar beet growing regions in Ukraine causing serious yield reduction and decreasing sugar content of sugar beet in infested fi elds. An advanced parasitic strategy of H. schachtii is employed to support nematode growth, reproduction and harmfulness. In intensive agriculture systems the nematode control measures heavily rely on nematicides and good agricultural practice (crop rota- tion in the fi rst place). But alternative strategies based on nematode resistant sugar beet cultivars and hybrids are required as none of nematicides approved for the open fi eld application are registered in Ukraine. Here we review the achievements and problems of breeding process for H. schachtii resistance and provide the results of national traditional breeding program. Since the beginning of 1980s fi ve sugar beet cultivars (Verchnyatskyi 103, Yaltuschkivska 30, Bilotcerkivska 45, BTs-40 and Yuvileynyi) and seventeen lines partly resistant or toler- ant to H. schachtii have been obtained throughout targeted crossing and progenies assessment in the infested fi elds. The further directions for better utilization of genetic sources for nematode resistance presented in na- tional gene bank collection are emphasized. There is a need for more accurate identifi cation of resistance genes, broader application of reliable molecular markers (suitable for marker-assisted selection of nematode resistant plants in the breeding process) and methods for genetic transformation of plants. Crop cash value and national production capacity should drive the cooperation in this fi eld. Knowledge as well as germplasm exchange are thereby welcomed that can benefi t breeding progress at national and international level.

Identification of novel haplotype of a cyst nematode resistance gene, GmSNAP18 in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ik-Young Choi ◽  
Prakash Basnet ◽  
Hana Yoo ◽  
Neha Samir Roy ◽  
Rahul Vasudeo Ramekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soybean Breeding ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Scn Resistance

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is one of the most damaging pest of soybean. Discovery and characterization of the genes involved in SCN resistance are important in soybean breeding. Soluble NSF attachment protein (SNAP) genes are related to SCN resistance in soybean. SNAP genes include five gene families, and 2 haplotypes of exons 6 and 9 of SNAP18 are considered resistant to the SCN. In present study the haplotypes of GmSNAP18 were surveyed and chacterized in a total of 60 diverse soybean genotypes including Korean cultivars, landraces, and wild-types. The target region of exons 6 and 9 in GmSNAP18 region was amplified and sequenced to examine nucleotide variation. Characterization of 5 haplotypes identified in present study for the GmSNAP18 gene revealed two haplotypes as resistant, 1 as susceptible and two as novel. A total of twelve genotypes showed resistant haplotypes, and 45 cultivars were found susceptible. Interestingly, the two novel haplotypes were present in 3 soybean lines. The information provided here about the haplotypic variation of GmSNAP18 gene can be further explored for soybean breeding to develop resistant varieties.

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