Spawning substrate selection by female longnose filefish,Oxymonacanthus longirostris

Abstract Thousands of nuclear and cytosolic proteins are modified with a single β-N-acetylglucosamine on serine and threonine residues in mammals, a modification termed O-GlcNAc. This modification is essential for normal development and plays important roles in virtually all intracellular processes. Additionally, O-GlcNAc is involved in many disease states, including cancer, diabetes, and X-linked intellectual disability. Given the myriad of functions of the O-GlcNAc modification, it is therefore somewhat surprising that O-GlcNAc cycling is mediated by only two enzymes: the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which adds O-GlcNAc, and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes it. A significant outstanding question in the O-GlcNAc field is how do only two enzymes mediate such an abundant and dynamic modification. In this review, we explore the current understanding of mechanisms for substrate selection for the O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes. These mechanisms include direct substrate interaction with specific domains of OGT or OGA, selection of interactors via partner proteins, posttranslational modification of OGT or OGA, nutrient sensing, and localization alteration. Altogether, current research paints a picture of an exquisitely regulated and complex system by which OGT and OGA select substrates. We also make recommendations for future work, toward the goal of identifying interaction mechanisms for specific substrates that may be able to be exploited for various research and medical treatment goals.

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Substrate Selection of Ascidian Larva: Wettability and Nano-Structures

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9060634 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 634

Author(s):

Euichi Hirose ◽

Noburu Sensui

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Substrate Selection ◽

Artificial Structures ◽

Substrate Preferences ◽

Nano Structures ◽

Hydrophobic Materials ◽

Faunal Communities ◽

Adhesive Organs ◽

Fouling Organisms ◽

Selection Of

Ascidians are marine sessile chordates that comprise one of the major benthic animal groups in marine ecosystems. They sometimes cause biofouling problems on artificial structures underwater, and non-indigenous, invasive ascidian species can potentially and seriously alter native faunal communities. Ascidian larvae are usually tadpole-shaped, negatively phototactic, and adhere on substrates by secreting a glue from their adhesive organs. Although larvae often prefer hydrophobic surfaces, such as a silicone rubber, for settlement, hydrophobic materials are often used to reduce occurrence of fouling organisms on artificial structures. This inconsistency may indicate that an attractive surface for larvae is not always suitable for settlement. Micro-scale structures or roughness may enhance the settlement of ascidian larvae, but settlement is significantly reduced by a nano-scale nipple array (or moth-eye structure), suggesting functional properties of similar structures found on the body surfaces of various invertebrates. The substrate preferences of larvae should be one of the important bases in considering measures against biofouling, and this review also discusses the potential uses of materials to safely reduce the impacts of invasive species.

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Substrate Selection for Full Exploitation of Organic Semiconductor Films: Epitaxial Rubrene on β-Alanine Single Crystals

Advanced Materials Interfaces ◽

10.1002/admi.201500423 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (18) ◽

pp. 1500423 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Silvia Trabattoni ◽

Luisa Raimondo ◽

Marcello Campione ◽

Daniele Braga ◽

Vincent C. Holmberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Crystals ◽

Organic Semiconductor ◽

Semiconductor Films ◽

Substrate Selection ◽

Selection For

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Oviposition substrate selection by Florida mosquitoes in response to pathogen-infected conspecific larvae

Journal of Vector Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12025.x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 182-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Catherine M. Zettel Nalen ◽

Sandra A. Allan ◽

James J. Becnel ◽

Phillip E. Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Substrate Selection ◽

Oviposition Substrate

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Experiments on Substrate Selection by Corophium Species: Films and Bacteria on Sand Particles

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.41.3.499 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 499-511

Author(s):

P. S. MEADOWS

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Sea Water ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Substrate Selection ◽

Corophium Volutator ◽

Simple Method ◽

Substrate Preferences ◽

Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽

Sand Particles ◽

Micro Organisms

1. A simple method is described for determining the substrate preferences of Corophium volutator (Pallas) and Corophium arenarium Crawford. 2. If offered a choice of its own substrate with that of the other species each prefers its own. 3. Level of illumination and colour of substrate have little effect on choice. An animal's size and hence its age has little effect on its substrate preferences. 4. C. volutator prefers a substrate previously maintained under anaerobic conditions, C. arenarium vice versa. 5. Treatments which kill, inactivate, or remove micro-organisms render sands unattractive to Corophium. These include boiling, acid-cleaning, drying, and soaking in fixatives or distilled water. Attempts to make these sands attractive again failed. 6. Distilled water, and solutions of the non-electrolytes sucrose and glycerol at the same osmotic pressure as sea water, induce many bacteria to desorb from sand particles; smaller numbers are desorbed in the presence of solutions of electrolytes at the same ionic strength as sea water (NaCl, Na2SO4, KC1, MgSO4, MgCl2, CaCl2). Of all these, only distilled water and solutions of MgCl2 and CaCl2 reduce the attractive properties of sands. Hence the loss of bacteria from the surface of sand grains, though related to the ionic strength and composition of the medium, is not necessarily associated with a substrate becoming unattractive.

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Resource partitioning by two syntopic sister species of butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae)

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315417001321 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 98 (7) ◽

pp. 1767-1773 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ana M.R. Liedke ◽

Roberta M. Bonaldo ◽

Bárbara Segal ◽

Carlos E.L. Ferreira ◽

Lucas T. Nunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Resource Partitioning ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Foraging Behaviour ◽

Nutritional Condition ◽

Ecological Communities ◽

Substrate Selection ◽

Feeding Rates ◽

Bite Rate ◽

Close Phylogenetic Relationship

Resource partitioning is considered one of the main processes driving diversification in ecological communities because it allows coexistence among closely related and ecologically equivalent species. We combined three complementary approaches, i.e. the evaluation of foraging behaviour, diet composition and nutritional condition (RNA:DNA ratio), to assess feeding by two closely related (sister) butterflyfishes that are syntopic in Puerto Rico. Chaetodon capistratus had a higher abundance and higher bite rate and selected octocorals and hard corals for feeding, whereas Chaetodon striatus fed preferentially on sandy substrates. Cnidarians and polychaetes were the most representative diet items for both species, but C. capistratus preferred the former (Feeding Index of 74.3%) and C. striatus the latter (Feeding Index of 60.4%). Similar RNA:DNA ratios for both species suggest that, although they differ in feeding rates and diet, C. capistratus and C. striatus have similar nutritional fitness. Therefore, these species are both zoobenthivores but show clear differences in their substrate selection. The differences in the use of foraging substrate by C. capistratus and C. striatus, despite their close phylogenetic relationship and similar diets, suggest that these species coexist by resource partitioning.

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