Oligopeptides as sources of indispensable amino acids for mammalian cells in culture

In Vitro ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Grahl-Nielsen ◽  
P. Ødegaard ◽  
George L. Tritsch
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids

scholarly journals Autophagy Deficiency by Atg4B Loss Leads to Metabolomic Alterations in Mice

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Gemma G. Martínez-García ◽  
Raúl F. Pérez ◽  
Álvaro F. Fernández ◽  
Sylvere Durand ◽  
Guido Kroemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

Autophagy is an essential protective mechanism that allows mammalian cells to cope with a variety of stressors and contributes to maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis. Due to these crucial roles and also to the fact that autophagy malfunction has been described in a wide range of pathologies, an increasing number of in vivo studies involving animal models targeting autophagy genes have been developed. In mammals, total autophagy inactivation is lethal, and constitutive knockout models lacking effectors of this route are not viable, which has hindered so far the analysis of the consequences of a systemic autophagy decline. Here, we take advantage of atg4b−/− mice, an autophagy-deficient model with only partial disruption of the process, to assess the effects of systemic reduction of autophagy on the metabolome. We describe for the first time the metabolic footprint of systemic autophagy decline, showing that impaired autophagy results in highly tissue-dependent alterations that are more accentuated in the skeletal muscle and plasma. These changes, which include changes in the levels of amino-acids, lipids, or nucleosides, sometimes resemble those that are frequently described in conditions like aging, obesity, or cardiac damage. We also discuss different hypotheses on how impaired autophagy may affect the metabolism of several tissues in mammals.

Effect of pulsing electromagnetic fields on DNA synthesis in mammalian cells in culture

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Takahashi ◽  
I. Kaneko ◽  
M. Date ◽  
E. Fukada
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cells In Culture

scholarly journals Replication of DNA containing 5-bromouracil can be mutagenic in Syrian hamster cells.

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 2449-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
E R Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Syrian Hamster ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Thymidine Analog ◽  
High Concentrations

A new protocol for inducing mutations in mammalian cells in culture by exposure to the thymidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) was established. This protocol, called "DNA-dependent" mutagenesis, involved the incorporation of BrdUrd into DNA under nonmutagenic conditions and the subsequent replication of the 5-bromouracil (BrUra)-containing DNA under mutagenic conditions but with no BrdUrd present in the culture medium. The mutagenic conditions were induced by allowing BrUra-containing DNA to replicate in the presence of high concentrations of thymidine. This generated high intracellular levels of dTTP and dGTP, causing nucleotide pool imbalance. The mutagenesis induced by this protocol was found to correlate with the level of BrUra substituted for thymine in DNA.

PSVI-13 Amino Acid Supplementation During the Adaptation Period Did Not Affect the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Corn and Soybean Meal Fed to Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Choi ◽  
Sun Jong You ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of amino acid (AA) supplementation during the adaptation period on the ileal digestibility of crude protein and AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows with an initial body weight of 30.9 ± 2.6 kg fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Two experimental diets contained corn or SBM as the sole source of AA and an N-free diet was additionally prepared. For AA supplementation groups, an AA mixture consisted of Gly, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ile, Val, His, and Phe was added to the corn diet and the N-free diet at the expense of cornstarch, and an AA mixture of Lys, Met, and Thr was added to the SBM diet. All diets contained 0.5% of chromic oxide. The 6 experimental diets were fed to the pigs for 4 and half days, and the 3 diets containing AA mixture were switched to the respective diets without AA mixture during the following 2 and half days. Ileal digesta were collected during the last 2 days. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Arg and Trp in corn (P < 0.05), but did not affect that in SBM. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Pro and Gly regardless of feed ingredient (P < 0.05), but did not affect that of other AA. All AA except Pro in corn and SBM were unaffected by the addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period. In conclusion, the addition of amino acid during the adaptation period does not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in feed ingredients.

Effects of a trinucleotide ethyl phosphotriester, Gmp(Et)Gmp(Et)U, on mammalian cells in culture

Biochemistry ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1988-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Miller ◽  
Lita T. Braiterman ◽  
Paul O. P. Ts'o
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cells In Culture

Stimulus-coupled release of amino acids from cerebellar granule cells in culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 448 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Kingsbury ◽  
Vittorio Gallo ◽  
Robert Balazs
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule ◽  
Cells In Culture

scholarly journals Can ends justify the means?: Telomeres and the mechanisms of replicative senescence and immortalization in mammalian cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (16) ◽  
pp. 9078-9081 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Sedivy
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Replicative Lifespan ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Lively Debate

Finite replicative lifespan, or senescence, of mammalian cells in culture is a phenomenon that has generated much curiosity since its description. The obvious significance of senescence to organismal aging and the development of cancer has engendered a long-lasting and lively debate about its mechanisms. Recent discoveries concerning the phenotypes of telomerase knockout mice, the consequences of telomerase reexpression in somatic cells, and genes that regulate senescence have provided striking molecular insights but also have uncovered important new questions. The objective of this review is to reconcile old observations with new molecular details and to focus attention on the key remaining puzzles.

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