Fatty acids, fatty alcohols, wax esters, and methyl esters fromCrambe abyssinicaandLunaria annuaseed oils

1963 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 742-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Miwa ◽  
I. A. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Wax Esters

Epicuticular Leaf Wax of Euphorbia helioscopia L. (Euphorbiaceae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazir ◽  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Naeem Akhtar Rabi ◽  
Shafiq Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Polar Components ◽  
Leaf Wax ◽  
Euphorbia Helioscopia ◽  
Main Components

The epicuticular wax of Euphorbia helioscopia was fractionated into fatty acids, hydrocarbons, wax esters, aldehydes, methyl esters, triterpenol acetates, alcohols, sterols, and polar components. The composition of the fractions was determined by GC, GC-MS, HPLC. Main components within these lipid classes are hentriacontane, wax esters C46 and C48, octacosanal, hexacosanol and octacosanol, hexadecanoic acid, and β-sitosterol. Lupeol and its acetate were also confirmed.

Selective hydrogenation of fatty acids and methyl esters of fatty acids to obtain fatty alcohols-a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
María A Sánchez ◽  
Gerardo C Torres ◽  
Vanina A Mazzieri ◽  
Carlos L Pieck
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Selective Hydrogenation ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Alcohols

Fatty acid characterization of lipid fractions from blubber biopsies of sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus located around the Azores

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Walton ◽  
M.A. Silva ◽  
S.M. Magalhães ◽  
R. Prieto ◽  
R.S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Mammal Species

Fatty acid profiles of blubber have been shown previously to provide information on stock structure and sex differences. Generally the predominant blubber lipid of marine mammal species is triacylglycerol (fatty acids linked to glycerol) and previous studies have focused on this lipid class. But in some species such as the sperm whales the predominant lipid is wax esters (fatty acids linked to fatty alcohols) although triacylglycerols are also present. In this study the fatty acids and fatty alcohols of these lipid classes were characterized and the fatty acid profiles compared in order to assess their potential to provide qualitative ecological data.Biopsy samples were obtained from 40 whales found in seas around the Azores achipelago during the period 2002–2003. The samples contained about 10% lipid of which 70% was wax ester and 11% triacylglycerol. The fatty acids of the triacylglycerols and wax esters were respectively approximately 19% and 16% saturated, 74% and 80% monounsaturated and 5% and 3% polyunsaturated with the main contributors being 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7 and 16:0. The alcohols of the wax esters were mainly either saturated or monounsaturated with the main contributors being 18:1n-9 (40%) and 16:0 (22%). No statistically significant differences in profiles were found between different island groups, between sexes or between years of sampling. In future studies there would not appear to be any apparent benefits over total lipid in examining each of the fatty acid classes of sperm whale blubber separately.

The potential of long-chain fatty alcohols and long-chain fatty acids as diet composition markers: development of methods for quantitative analysis and faecal recoveries of these compounds in sheep fed mixed diets

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. M. ALI ◽  
R. W. MAYES ◽  
C. S. LAMB ◽  
B. L. HECTOR ◽  
A. K. VERMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Previous investigations have shown that the long-chain fatty alcohols and long-chain fatty acids of plant waxes have potential as diet composition markers. This study was conducted to measure faecal recoveries of long-chain fatty alcohols (C20–C30) and long-chain fatty acids (C20–C32) in sheep fed mixed diets. Methodology for quantitative analysis of these compounds in feed and faeces is also presented. The method was an extension of the original n-alkane method of Mayes et al. (1986) in which separate hydrocarbon (n-alkanes, n-alkenes and branched-chain alkanes), alcohol (free+esterified) and acid (free+esterified) fractions could be obtained from a single sample. A fraction containing alcohols and sterols was eluted from the silica gel column after removal of the hydrocarbons. Sterols were removed from alcohols using aminopropyl solid-phase extraction columns. Alcohols were converted to their trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers and run on a gas chromatograph (GC). Acids were extracted from the aqueous phase of saponification products after removal of hydrocarbons, alcohols and sterols, purified through silica gel columns and were converted into their methyl esters (FAMES) prior to analysis on a GC. Tests were carried out to evaluate the reproducibility of the results obtained from the analytical method developed for quantifying alcohols and acids. Twelve sheep, in metabolism crates, were offered (0·8 kg DM/animal/day) four different mixtures of hill grass (Agrostis capillaris), birch (Betula pendula) leaves and current season's growth of heather (Calluna vulgaris) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) for 17 days. Total daily faeces and feed refusals collections were carried out over the last 7 days. Faeces collections were bulked for each animal. Representative samples of feed, refusals and faeces were analysed for alcohols and acids using the described method. Faecal recoveries of alcohols and acids were calculated from the ratio of output and input of each marker. The results showed high, though incomplete, faecal recoveries for both alcohols and acids. Alcohols had consistently higher faecal recoveries compared with acids. Mean (±S.E.) faecal recovery values for alcohols C20, C22, C24, C26, C28 and C30 were 0·58±0·04, 0·67±0·01, 0·72±0·008, 0·80±0·007, 0·94±0·005 and 1·01±0·02, respectively, whereas those of acids C20, C22, C24, C26, C28, C30and C32 were 0·47±0·02, 0·57±0·02, 0·61±0·02, 0·77±0·017, 0·84±0·01, 0·79±0·015 and 0·84±0·013, respectively. Increasing chain-length had a significant effect (P<0·05) on the recoveries of both alcohols and acids (R2=0·808, 0·741, respectively). Different dietary plant mixtures had no effect (P>0·05) on the recoveries of alcohols and acids in faeces.

Composition of the Epicuticular Wax Esters of Picea abies (L.) Karst

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Sümmchen ◽  
Claus Markstädter ◽  
Otto Wienhaus
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Alkyl Esters ◽  
New Class ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract The long-chain alkyl esters homologues of the cuticular needle wax of Picea abies consist of a series of isomers, which are formed by different n-fatty acids and n-alkanols of various chain lengths. Even-numbered esters are dominating. Methyl esters range from C27 to C37, even-numbered esters are only minor components. Furthermore, a new class of homologue wax esters was isolated. Examination by gas chromatography, mass spectroscopy and chemi­cal studies resulted in identification of pentenyl esters of triacontanoic, dotriacontanoic, tetratriacontanoic and hexatriacontanoic acid.

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