A new rough surface hardness test for metals based upon full indentation of a ball

1958 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
G. U. Oppel
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surface ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test

Surface Hardness Modify and Improve Wear Properties of EP\ NanoZrO2

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Fadhil K. Farhan ◽  
Aws Abbas Hussein ◽  
Ali Q. Tuama
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Dioxide Powder

The liquid and mechanical mixing method was used in addition to ultrasound technology to prepare samples according to standard conditions. The percentage of cementing with ceramic powder was adopted from 1% to 4% as a weight ratio, and by using mixing drivers, nanocomposites were prepared depending on the theoretical density of the components. The velvet density was measured using Archimedes' method, and the results showed a successive improvement and increase in density with the weight ratio of addition. The results of the particulate hardness test showed a significant improvement in the results of the prepared nanostructures compared to the base sample (pure epoxy). With regard to the properties of wear resistance (wear modulus) using the screw-on-disk method, the cemented samples showed a higher wear resistance compared to the base sample. The results were interpreted based on the values of density and hardness in addition to the properties possessed by the ceramic powder of high surface area and average granular size of 32 nanometers through scanning electron microscopy. In this work, nanostructures based on (a polymer) supported with nanoscale zirconium dioxide powder were developed.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT MEKANIS ANTARA TIGA PRODUK MANUFAKTUR ELEKTRODA E6013

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Basori Basori ◽  
Ferry Budhi Susetyo
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Weld Deposit ◽  
Welding Electrode ◽  
The Impact

The type of electrode used in the SMAW process has many types, such as E 6010, E 6011, E 6012, E 6013, E 6020, E6027. In this case the type E 6013 is the most widely used. Certainly the type E 6013 is produced by different manufacturers as well. From penelurusan researchers of this type have different prices in accordance with companies that sell it. For that reason researchers are interested to compare the three manufacturing outputs for the type E 6013 in terms of its mechanical properties. Making a specimen welding electrode cut material to be used. then sandpaper the material that has been cut so that no remaining pieces are still attached. The next step to do the welding process with three types of E6013 elekroda. The welding is carried out until it reaches the layer layer 10 mm thickness, then the bottom plate is discarded and the weld deposit deposits only The impact strength and surface hardness value are inversely proportional. For the impact test, the E1 electrode sample specimen has the highest impact strength value and the E3 electrode sample specimen has the lowest impact strength value. While on the hardness test specimen E3 electrode sample has the highest hardness value and sample specimen E1 electrode has the lowest hardness value. This can prove that the harder the object is the more brittle the object.

scholarly journals The Surface Hardness of Mild Steel and Plywood Coated With Different Blending Ratio of Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1849-1853
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Rockwell Hardness ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Epoxy Paint

Malaysia has a great potential to reuse the agro-waste and reduce the environmental issues generated from the painting industry and agro-waste and achieve the objective of sustainable development. The objective of this work is to analyse physical effects of different blending ratio of rice husk ash based geopolymer binder (GB) surface coating on the hardness of mild steel and plywood. Geopolymer is an inorganic material produced by activated alkaline solution and aluminosilicate sources. Since Malaysia has been producing abundant of rice husk, this rice husk as the aluminosilicate source is used to form geopolymer. As it is known that filler is one of the combinations in paint including epoxy paint, the rice husk ash which has an abundant of silica content can be a ground-breaking source. Thus, an efficient eco-friendly coating that have a good fire resistance properties are very demanding. An optimum coating was formed by optimizing different ratio of GB with water-based or oil- based paint in term of hardness of surface coated. Based on the Rockwell hardness test, the result showed that 2:1 ratio of water-based coated mild steel plate has the highest Rockwell hardness number of 53.08, which meant the lowest depth of impression of 0.1538mm due to 150kgf major and minor load. This implies that different blending ratios addition of GB on plate surface have an effect on the hardness of mild steel and plywood

scholarly journals Determination of Species Concentrations of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloys using Calibration Free Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tagreed K. Hamad ◽  
Hussein Thamer Salloom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Calibration Free

In this study, Calibration-free Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) was applied to quantitatively analyze the elemental composition of Ti-6Al-4V titanium based alloy samples with no need for matrix-matched calibration procedure. Nd:YAG pulsed laser operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm was focused onto the sample to generate plasma. The spectrum of plasma was recorded using spectrophotometer then compared to NIST spectral lines to determine characteristic wavelengths, energy levels and other spectroscopic parameters. The values of plasma temperature obtained using Boltzmann plot for four examined samples ranged from 7439 to 6826 K while the electron density for each element was determined using Boltzmann-Saha equation. The concentration of Ti, Al, V and Fe has been determined and were within the samples nominal concentrations obtained from XRF analysis.  The calculated average relative errors of Ti, Al, V and Fe were 0.39%, 4.38%, 4.94 % and 8.2 %, respectively. Finally, there was a direct proportionality relation between the ratio of ionic to neutral emission lines of Ti for four samples and the surface hardness values measured mechanically using Vickers hardness test. The ratio at   had the best linear regression value (R2=0.95) which indicates the best correlation with surface hardness.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN BAHAN RESTORASI RESIN KOMPOSIT NANOFILLER YANG DIRENDAM DALAM MINUMAN RINGAN BERKARBONASI DAN MINUMAN BERALKOHOL

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Nurul Ikhsan ◽  
Nila Kasuma ◽  
Didin Kustantiningtyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test

Resin composite is dental material filling that is commonly used in dentistry which has good physical properties, mechanical and aesthetics. The properties that have an important role in the resistance of the composite resin surface hardness which directly involved when contact with food, drink and salivary. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of carbonated soft drink and alcoholic beverages on the surface hardness of nanofiller composite resin.The method used in this research is post test only control group design. Samples were made using the mold made of stainless steel, with diameter of 6mm and tick of 2mm, composite was manipulated according to the manufacture’s instructions, and then immersed in aquades, carbonated soft drink and alcoholic beverages for 18 hours in a temperature of 37ºC. Samples were tested using Vickers Hardness Test. Data analysis using Kruskal-Walis test.The result show that the nanofiller composite resin which immersed in alcoholic beverages has higher surface (81,04±10,44 VHN), whreas the composite which immersed in aquades and carbonated soft drink has the surface hardness (70,20±16,6 dan71,10±15,96 VHN). The result of data analysis showed that the data are not distributed normally and showed a significant value of p>0,05. From this research can be concluded that there is no significant differences in surface hardness of nanofiller composite resin which immersed in carbonated soft drink and alcoholic beverages. Keywords: Resin Komposit, nanofiller, surface hardness, mechanical properties.

Repeated Impact Resistance of Cr-Mo Surface Alloying Layers on Ti6Al4V Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1958-1961
Author(s):  
Lin Qin ◽  
Kun Kun Yang ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Bin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Knoop Hardness ◽  
Ti6al4v Alloy ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Repeated Impact

Cr-Mo surface alloying modified layers on Ti6Al4V alloy were prepared using double glow discharge plasma alloying technique. The surface hardness and the resistance ability of repeated impact of the layers were measured using Knoop hardness test and repeated impact test respectively. The results show that the surface hardness of the modified samples was significantly improved due to the deposited layer containing Cr1.93Ti1.07, Cr2Ti, FeCrMo, and Cr2Ti4O11 compounds. However, it was found that heavy peeling occurred on the Cr-Mo alloying modified layers after repeated impact test due to these brittle phases formed in plasma alloying process. Brittle phases appeared in the surface modified layer, such as intermetallic compounds, contribute to hardness enhancement and wear properties, but may be detrimental to impact resistance.

scholarly journals Effect of cutting fluid and spindle speed on surface hardness in turning AISI 4140 steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iswanto Iswanto ◽  
Prantasi Tjahjanti ◽  
Edi Widodo ◽  
Muchammad Chilmi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Turning Process ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Aisi 4140 Steel ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Aisi 4140

This paper will discuss how the influence of different cutting fluid on surface hardness, how different spindle speed affect surface hardness, and are there interactions between cutting fluid and spindle speed on surface hardness of workpieces produced by conventional lathe. In this study, the variables that are varied are the cutting fluid and spindle speed. The cutting fluid used is: dromus, used oil SAE 40 and used cooking oil. While the spindle speed used is 370 rpm, 665 rpm, and 1040 rpm. Then the hardness of the workpiece surface is tested from the lathe process by varying the cutting fluid and the spindle speed. From the results of the hardness test on the surface of the workpiece, it can be concluded that: the greatest value of the surface hardness of the workpiece is obtained in the lathe process using dromus cutting fluid and the spindle speed used is 665 rpm. Whereas the smallest workpiece surface hardness value is obtained when using dromus cutting fluid using spindle speed of 1040 rpm. Cutting Fluid and Spindle Speed has a significant effect on surface hardness in the turning process of AISI 4140 steel

scholarly journals Surface Hardness of Hybrid Ionomer with Different Curing Time (In Vitro Study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfita Sipahutar ◽  
Astrid Yudhit ◽  
Rusfian Rusfian
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Group 1

<p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface hardness of hybrid ionomer with different curing times (20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds).</p><p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Methods</strong>: This was an experimental laboratory with posttest only group design. Twenty-four disk shape hybrid ionomer specimens with a diameter of 5 mm and 2 mm in thickness were prepared and polymerized with Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) for 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds as group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. All samples were immersed in distilled water under 37°C temperature for 24 hours as initial treatment. Surface hardness test was done using Vickers Hardness Test with load 50 gf for 20 second. The Data was analyzed with one way ANOVA (<em>p </em>≤ 0.05).</p><p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Results</strong>: Using one way anova test (<em>p </em>≤ 0.05) shows the mean and standard deviation of the group 1 is 25,900 ± 2,5659VHN; group 2 is 29,800 ± 1,1983 VHN; group 3 is 31,283 ± 0,5037 VHN; group 4 is 36, 183 ± 2,3430 VHN and the obtained value <em>p </em>= 0.000 (<em>p </em>≤ 0.05).</p><p class="AbstractContent">The mean values and standard deviation were 25.900 ± 2.5659 VHN; 29.800 ± 1.1983 VHN; 31.283 ±0.5037 VHN; 6.183 ± 2.3430 VHN for group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Statistic analyzed showed a significant different among groups with <em>p</em> value =0.000 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</p><strong>Conclusion</strong> There are significant differences in surface hardness of hybrid ionomer with different curing time (20, 30,40, and 50 seconds). The longer curing time will increase the surface hardness of hybrid ionomer.

scholarly journals Evaluation the Effect of different Cooling Cycles on the Hardness Surface of the Conventional Feldspathic Zirconia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Shahad Hazim Ali ◽  
Lateef Essa Alwan ◽  
Abdul Kareem J. Al-Azzawi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Residual Tensile Stress ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Fast Cooling ◽  
The Impact

Cooling rate is the main fact in success and life span of all ceramic restoration through its effect on mechanical properties and producing a residual tensile stress, crack propagation and failure restorations. The goals of this study is to assess the impact of diverse cooling cycles (slow cooling – fast cooling) on the surface hardness of the Zirconia (VM9). A total of 30 conventional Y-TZP Zirconia (Vita VM9) disks were fabricated according manufacturers recommendation. The samples were partition into three categories depending on the cooling system. Each group consisted of ten specimens in diameter (2mm×10mm). Control group: samples are unescorted by any change. Fast cooling group: these specimens were fast cooled after second firing (910C0 -600C0) with opening Oven muffle 25% withholding time for 5 minute and remove from the furnace to cool at room temperature. Slow cooling group: specimens were slow cooled after second firing (910C0 -400C0) with opening Oven muffle 25% withholding time for 5 minute and remove from the furnace to cool at room temperature. Each specimen was subjected to hardness test in load 9.8N at 15s using Digital microvickers Hardness tester, Scanning electron microscope. The statistical analysis revealed that, the highest vickers hardness mean value was for the control group (690.57 ± 69.9563) and for second group (618.12± 53.6164) and for third group (631.75±65.3858), The facts were statistically examined by applying ANOVA test (P- value) testes which revealed significant differences(p=0.038) (p<0.05) among groups. Conclusion: The impact of cooling cycle on the hardness surface measurements of the Zirconia (Vita VM9) between the three groups was significant. The slow cooling shows a higher value of (VH) Hardness and recommended for Zirconia than the fast cooling.

scholarly journals Effect of Gaseous carburizing thermochemical treatment on tribological behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (58) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Fedaoui Kamel ◽  
Amar Talhi ◽  
Mohamed Zine Touhami
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Indentation Load ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Resistance To Wear ◽  
Loss Of Mass

This study, concerns the improvement of the hardness and resistance to wear of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface by means of thermochemical treatment, for obtaining coatings on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy gives performance of resistance to wear phenomena. Three-thermochemical treatment time (2h, 4h, and 6h) was chosen for investigation of the effect of such treatment on this alloy. The hardness test under an indentation load of 50 gf with a Vickers pyramidal indenter revealed that the surface hardness is 335 Hv for the untreated samples. On the other hand the hardness reaches approximately 1500 Hv during gas cementation at 930 °C for variable times (2h, 4h, 6h) followed by quenching at 840 °C in an oil medium, which was accompanied by a significant improvement in wear resistance. The characterization of the modified surface layers was made by means of a microscopic analysis and by X-ray diffraction. The case-hardening made it possible to obtain a wear resistance greater than that of the alloy not treated, minimal loss of mass by dry friction and an improvement in roughness as well as a good coefficient of friction.

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