Studies on the increase of antibodies in nasal secretions of human beings after intracutaneous vaccination with influenza virus, with the aid of the haemagglutination inhibition technique

1952 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mulder ◽  
L. M. Brans ◽  
J. F. Ph. Hers
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Inhibition Technique

scholarly journals Haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against influenza A and influenza B in maternal and neonatal sera

1978 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Masurel ◽  
J. I. de Bruijne ◽  
H. A. Beuningh ◽  
H. J. A. Schouten
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

SUMMARYHaemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against the influenza viruses A/Hong Kong/8/68 (H3N2) and B/Nederland/77/66 were determined in 420 paired sera from mothers and newborns (umbilical cord sera), sampled in 1970–1.A higher concentration of antibodies against influenza A virus was found more frequently in neonatal than in maternal sera. By contrast, low titres against influenza B virus were more frequently observed in neonatal than in maternal sera. Maternal age, duration of pregnancy, and birth-weight did not affect the results of the tests.It is suggested that the titre of the newborn against an epidemic influenza virus can be predicted from that of the mother. Furthermore, the maternal titre may be an indication of the susceptibility of the newborn infant to influenza infections.

scholarly journals Sero-Detection of Avian Influenza A/H7 in Nigerian Live-Bird Markets in Plateau State

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
C.N. Chinyere ◽  
E.C. Okwor ◽  
C.A. Meseko ◽  
W.S. Ezema ◽  
N.D. Choji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Live Bird Market ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Keywords Influenza ◽  
Live Bird

Avian influenza has been reported in domestic birds in Nigeria since 2006 and subtype H5 of the Gs/Gg lineage has continued to be detected up till date. It has been suggested that waterfowls and local birds sold in live-bird markets may be natural reservoir and source of reinfection of different subtype of avian influenza in poultry farms. This study aims at serodetection of avian influenza virus in waterfowls and local birds at live-bird markets in Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of three hundred and nine (309) blood samples were  collected over a period of three months and two hundred and ninety-two (292) sera were analysed by c-ELISA for influenza A nucleoprotein using standard protocols. Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) specific for subtypes H5, H9, and H7 was also carried out using standard protocols on ELISA positive samples. The results showed seroprevalence of 5.14% (n=15) for influenza A. Serotype H7 was thereafter detected by HI in 5 of the 15 influenza A positive samples. The H7 positive sera also reacted with H7N3, H7N4, H7N1 and H7N7 virus strains with HI titre ranging between 1:32 to 1:512. This investigation for the first time showed serological evidence of influenza A subtype H7 in local birds and waterfowls sold at the live bird market in Nigeria. Further virological surveillance to isolate the virus is important in order to better understand influenza virus epidemiology in Nigeria and the potential risk that other subtypesof influenza poses to poultry production and public health. Keywords: Influenza A, subtype H7, serological detection, live bird market, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Historical H1N1 Influenza Virus Imprinting Increases Vaccine Protection by Influencing the Activity and Sustained Production of Antibodies Elicited at Vaccination in Ferrets

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magen E. Francis ◽  
Mara McNeil ◽  
Nicholas J. Dawe ◽  
Mary K. Foley ◽  
Morgan L. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Virus Infections

Influenza virus imprinting is now understood to significantly influence the immune responses and clinical outcome of influenza virus infections that occur later in life. Due to the yearly cycling of influenza viruses, humans are imprinted with the circulating virus of their birth year and subsequently build a complex influenza virus immune history. Despite this knowledge, little is known about how the imprinting strain influences vaccine responses. To investigate the immune responses of the imprinted host to split-virion vaccination, we imprinted ferrets with a sublethal dose of the historical seasonal H1N1 strain A/USSR/90/1977. After a +60-day recovery period to build immune memory, ferrets were immunized and then challenged on Day 123. Antibody specificity and recall were investigated throughout the time course. At challenge, the imprinted vaccinated ferrets did not experience significant disease, while naïve-vaccinated ferrets had significant weight loss. Haemagglutination inhibition assays showed that imprinted ferrets had a more robust antibody response post vaccination and increased virus neutralization activity. Imprinted-vaccinated animals had increased virus-specific IgG antibodies compared to the other experimental groups, suggesting B-cell maturity and plasticity at vaccination. These results should be considered when designing the next generation of influenza vaccines.

scholarly journals Bayesian inference of antigenic and non-antigenic variables from haemagglutination inhibition assays for influenza surveillance

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 180113
Author(s):  
Emmanuel S. Adabor ◽  
Wilfred Ndifon
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Bayesian Method ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Analytical Work

Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays are typically used for comparing and characterizing influenza viruses. Data obtained from the assays (titres) are used quantitatively to determine antigenic differences between influenza strains. However, the use of these titres has been criticized as they sometimes fail to capture accurate antigenic differences between strains. Our previous analytical work revealed how antigenic and non-antigenic variables contribute to the titres. Building on this previous work, we have developed a Bayesian method for decoupling antigenic and non-antigenic contributions to the titres in this paper. We apply this method to a compendium of HI titres of influenza A (H3N2) viruses curated from 1968 to 2016. Remarkably, the results of this fit indicate that the non-antigenic variable, which is inversely correlated with viral avidity for the red blood cells used in HI assays, oscillates during the course of influenza virus evolution, with a period that corresponds roughly to the timescale on which antigenic variants replace each other. Together, the results suggest that the new Bayesian method is applicable to the analysis of long-term dynamics of both antigenic and non-antigenic properties of influenza virus.

scholarly journals Characterization of recombinant influenza A virus as a vector expressing respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein epitopes

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1886-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peirui Zhang ◽  
Hongjing Gu ◽  
Chengrong Bian ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Zhiwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ns Gene ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of respiratory infection in infants and the elderly, and no vaccine against this virus has yet been licensed. Here, we report a recombinant PR8 influenza virus with the RSV fusion (F) protein epitopes of the subgroup A gene inserted into the influenza virus non-structural (NS) gene (rFlu/RSV/F) that was generated as an RSV vaccine candidate. The rescued viruses were assessed by microscopy and Western blotting. The proper expression of NS1, the NS gene product, and the nuclear export protein (NEP) of rFlu/RSV/F was also investigated using an immunofluorescent assay. The rescued virus replicated well in the MDCK kidney cell line, A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line and CNE-2Z nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line. BALB/c mice immunized intranasally with rFlu/RSV/F had specific haemagglutination inhibition antibody responses against the PR8 influenza virus and RSV neutralization test proteins. Furthermore, intranasal immunization with rFlu/RSV/F elicited T helper type 1-dominant cytokine profiles against the RSV strain A2 virus. Taken together, our findings suggested that rFlu/RSV/F was immunogenic in vivo and warrants further development as a promising candidate vaccine.

THE ROLE OF MELATONIN IN THE REGULATION OF THYROTROPHIN SECRETION

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Panda ◽  
C. W. Turner ◽  
Mary Powell
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inhibition Technique

ABSTRACT The fact that melatonin, a pineal substance, causes a depression in thyroid function of prepuberal rats has been reported. A possible site of this action on the thyroid gland has been studied by estimating the TSH content of blood and hypophysis in rats from 35 days to 65 days of age. Haemagglutination-inhibition technique has been used to assay very small amounts of TSH in plasma. Rats receiving 100 μg of melatonin daily for 10 days were sacrificed at 35, 45, 55 and 65 days of age. The mean thyroid weight of each group was markedly higher than that of the corresponding controls. The plasma TSH/ml level was higher in experimental groups, with a marked decrease (0.10 > P > 0.05) in TSH/mg of hypophysis (wet), especially at 45 and 55 days of age. Rats similarly treated with 400 μg/100 g body weight of tapazole daily for 10 days and sacrificed at 45 and 55 days of age showed higher plasma and lower hypophyseal TSH levels than the controls and the results were comparable to those of the melatonin treated groups. The dry-fat-free tissue of the thyroid glands of the melatonin treated groups were higher than the corresponding controls and their DNA content was significantly higher (0.050 > P > 0.025) also, indicating hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the thyroid glands resulting from the action of melatonin. The histological picture of the melatonin treated animals showed goitrogenic effect. It may be concluded from these data that melatonin exerts its regulatory effect on TSH secretion directly acting on the thyroid gland and in some way inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis or release.

scholarly journals The measurement by serological means of the impact of the Hong Kong/68 influenza virus on a population

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alberto N. Candeias ◽  
Marguerite S. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
First Year ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Impact

In order to obtain evidence on the size of the impact of the Hong Kong/68 variant of influenza A2 virus on the population of São Paulo, Brazil, serum samples taken in 1967 before this variant appeared and during successive years after it appeared were examined for their antibody content. Haemagglutination-inhibition tests performed on a total of 2726 serum samples from adults showed a sharp decrease in 1969 of the proportion of sera without antibody to the Hong Kong/68 variant and a corresponding mercase in the proportion with high titres. It was concluded that about three-quarters of the adult population became infected at some time after the variant appeared, the majority in the first year of prevalence.

scholarly journals The use of the haemagglutination-inhibition test in epidemiological influenza-virus studies

1949 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik L. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Test ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition Test

The importance of the haemagglutination-inhibition test does not need to be stressed. It is a fact that the inhibition titre of a single serum has no constant value, but may vary in repeated estimations. This may be due to the use of different virus or erythrocyte suspensions or to differences in environmental circumstances, such as temperature. Duplicate tests carried out at the same time and with the same materials yield identical results. This makes it necessary to compare a serum obtained during convalescence from the same case. The ratio between the two titres shows whether an influenza infection has taken place or not. Although it is commonly accepted that a titre rising by two twofold dilutions (a fourfold rise) is significant, some workers will accept even a twofold rise (Sartwill & Long, 1948; Rasmussen, Stoles & Smadel, 1948). Such observations have been made on pairs of sera taken from the same indicidual with not more than a 5-week interval between them.

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