Real-time X-ray powder diffraction investigations on cocoa butter. II. The relationship between melting behavior and composition of β-cocoa butter

1996 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1217-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees van Malssen ◽  
René Peschar ◽  
Henk Schenk
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Real-time X-ray powder diffraction experiments on cocoa butter

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (a1) ◽  
pp. C399-C399
Author(s):  
H. Schenk ◽  
K. F. van Malssen ◽  
R. Peschar
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Phase behavior and extended phase scheme of static cocoa butter investigated with real-time X-ray powder diffraction

1999 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees van Malssen ◽  
Arjen van Langevelde ◽  
René Peschar ◽  
Henk Schenk
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Extended Phase ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Mechanisms of mechanochemical salt formation by in situ real time X-ray powder diffraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (a1) ◽  
pp. s394-s394
Author(s):  
Adam A. L. Michalchuk ◽  
Ivan A. Tumanov ◽  
Simon A. J. Kimber ◽  
Elena V. Boldyreva ◽  
Colin R. Pulham
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
X Ray

Synthesis and Characterization of T12Ba2CaCu2O8 and T12Ba2Ca2Cu3O10

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. H. McMills ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Martha Greenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Superconducting Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSingle-phase samples of T12Ba2CaCu2O8 and T12Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 have been prepared using a reliable and simple synthetic method. Samples were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and four probe resistivity methods. The TcR=0 values for T12Ba2CaCu2O8 ranged from 100 to 105K, whereas those for T12Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 ranged from 96 to 107K. The relationship between the superconducting properties and the various preparation conditions are discussed.

scholarly journals Real time study of wet-chemical reaction dynamics at beamline P02.1 @ PETRA III

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C858-C858
Author(s):  
Ann-Christin Dippel ◽  
Jan Torben Delitz ◽  
Hanns-Peter Liermann ◽  
Christoffer Tyrsted ◽  
Dipankar Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Reciprocal Space ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Total Scattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wet Chemical

The high brilliance synchrotron light source PETRA III in Hamburg, Germany, provides a dedicated X-ray powder diffraction beamline called P02.1 [1]. It is a side station to the hard X-ray diffraction beamline and runs at a fixed photon energy of 60 keV. Its dispersive monochromator produces a highly collimated photon beam of very narrow energy bandwidth and high intensity. These excellent beam characteristics turn P02.1 into an ideal instrument for many different kinds of experiments, ranging from high resolution powder diffraction of polycrystalline materials for structure solution and refinement or microstructure analysis, to the study of nanocrystalline and disordered materials to determine their local structure. In particular, it is the scope of P02.1 to study dynamic processes such as chemical and crystallographic transitions under non-ambient conditions in real time. For this purpose, the beamline is equipped with a large and fast area detector which enables sub-second time-resolution. The accessible range in reciprocal space is beyond Q = 30 Å-1. Hence, P02.1 is a powerful tool for total scattering experiments as it provides high resolution in real and reciprocal space which are determined by the max. Q and the instrumental resolution, respectively. This presentation describes some recent experiments carried out at P02.1 that relate to pair distribution function (PDF) and total scattering analysis. The focus will be on the investigation of structural changes on the atomic scale during the wet-chemical synthesis of nanoparticles, e.g. in the system ZrO2. By means of evaluating the changes of bond distances and atomic coordination on a time scale of seconds, it is possible to describe the molecular structure of intermediates and, thus, to deduce the underlying reaction mechanism. On the basis of this information, synthesis processes may be optimised with respect to tuning the properties of the product and to maximize its yield.

Relationship between real-time ultrasound and carcass measures and composition in heavy sheep

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hopkins ◽  
D. F. Stanley ◽  
E. N. Ponnampalam
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
No Value ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Poor Predictor ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
The Relationship

Fat depth over the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LL) at the 12th rib (USFat C) and the depth of the LL (USEMD) were measured before slaughter using a real-time ultrasound machine in 147 mixed sex, 22-month-old sheep of five genotypes. Equivalent measures were obtained on the carcasses (Fat C and EMD) and each carcass side was scanned by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to provide an estimate of composition (percentage lean and fat). There was a significant (P < 0.001) correlation between USFat C and Fat C (fat depth over the LL at the 12th rib measured on the carcass) at r = 0.67. This was also the case for USEMD and EMD (muscle depth of the LL at the 12th rib measured on the carcass) with a significant (P < 0.001) correlation of r = 0.55. Liveweight per se was a poor predictor of Fat C and was of minimal value when used in combination with ultrasonic fat depth measurements. The prediction of Fat C was significantly underestimated by USFat C and this increased as the animals became fatter. The relationship between carcass and ultrasonic measurements of EMD was poor, but better when liveweight was used in combination with USEMD. The prediction of EMD was significantly overestimated by USEMD and this increased as the animals became heavier. Combining USFat C measurement with liveweight significantly (P < 0.001) improved the accuracy (R2) and precision (r.s.d.) with which either the percentage of fat or lean could be estimated. Measurement of USEMD was of no value for the estimation of the percentage of fat or lean. There was no significant (P > 0.05) sex effect on any of the relationships. Ultrasonic measurement of subcutaneous fat depth and muscle depth in heavy fat animals is subject to undefined error, but still provides a means to predict in vivo fat levels and muscle depth. However, the bias associated with the predictions suggest caution should be exercised when measuring heavy fat sheep and the need for further work to confirm the findings of the present study.

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