Effects of raw materials and preparation methods of catalysts on the selective hydrogenation of ethyl phenylacetate

1996 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Ishii ◽  
Fujio Mizukami ◽  
Shu-ichi Niwa ◽  
Makoto Toba ◽  
Hirobumi Ushijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Hydrogenation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Ethyl Phenylacetate

Clinical Trial of a Novel Starch-Based Adhesive Bandages for Medical Dressing

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Sittiporn Punyanitya ◽  
Banyong Khantawa ◽  
Sakdiphon Thiansem ◽  
Rungsarit Koonawoot ◽  
Phanlob Chankachang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Plastic Components ◽  
Adhesive Bandage ◽  
Novel Starch

A typical adhesive bandage comprises of four main parts; the backing is often made of plastic; the adhesive sheet is usually plastic; the adhesive is commonly acrylate; the absorbent pad is often made of cotton. This adhesive bandages are made from starch based adhesive and natural paper, which have no plastic components. A starch-based adhesive bandages are tested on 100 volunteers and the result shows good performances with high confident of safety and efficacy. The raw materials and preparation methods are low cost, easily reproducible and eco-friendly, according to the international standards of medical devices regulation.

scholarly journals MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES AS A FACTOR FOR MODIFICATION OF THEIR PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. SYROESHKIN ◽  
E.V. USPENSKAYA ◽  
T.V. PLETENEVA ◽  
M.A. MOROZOVA ◽  
T.V. MAKSIMOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Substances ◽  
Before And After

Objective: Study the influence of the mechanical preparation methods (grinding, fluidization) of solid pharmaceutical substances (PS) and herbal raw material on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. Methods: Test substances and solvents-Lactose monohydrate (DFE Pharma, Germany). Sodium chloride, bendazol hydrochloride (all Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and herbal raw material (Callisia fragrans). The dispersity and native structure of pharmaceutical substances were analyzed by several methods: optical microscopy–Altami BIO 2 microscope (Russia); low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) method (Malvern Instruments, UK); Spirotox method–Quasichemical kinetic of cell transition of cellular biosensor Spirostomum ambiguum; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy–the analysis in the middle IR region was carried out using an IR Cary 630 Fourier spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA). The analysis of dried leaves of C. fragrans before and after mechanical activation was performed using Shimadzu EDX-7000 X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer without mineralization (Shimadzu, Japan). Results: It was established that the mechanical change, such as dispersion and drying, alters the biological activity of PS and herbal raw materials. The observed increase in the influence of the dispersed substance on the biosensor S. ambiguum is quantitatively estimated from the values of the activation energy (obsEa), which turns to be valued 1,5 (P≤0,05) times more than for the native form substance. In the study of the dependence of the availability of chemical elements K, Ca, Zn on the degree of dispersion of herbal raw materials was established a quantitative 4-fold (P≤0,05) increase in the concentration of elements in mechano-activated raw materials. Conclusion: By the example of the biological model of Spirotox (single-celled biosensor S. ambiguum) and herbal raw materials obtained from C. fragrans, the increase of biological activity of PS at the dispersion of initial preparations was proved.

The Preparation of ZrO2 and the Influence of the Calcination Temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 1095 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Shuai Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ceramic Powders ◽  
Preparation Technology ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Optimum Technology ◽  
Scherrer Formula

nanoZrO2ceramic powders have excellent properties in many field. In order to obtain nanoZrO2powder with excellent properties, the study of preparation methods become a hotspot. The nanoZrO2powders new preparation technology from cheap raw materials is target of this paper. nanoZrO2powers were preparated from ZrOCl2and NaCO3as raw material. The optimum technology parameters were determined as follow, namely at 40°C, C (ZrOCl2) =0.4mol/L, C (NaCO3) =1.0mol/L, 2% the surface activity agent. nanoZrO2powders preparated were characterized by XRD, TEM and Electron Diffraction . The results show that the ZrO2powders prepared are crystal and the sizes are nanometer. The ZrO2average sizes were calculated with the scherrer formula. The nanoZrO2sizes change with temperature was discussed. The result is ageerment with that calculated with the scherrer formula.

scholarly journals Microscopic Analysis of Pottery Fragments from the Corded Ware Culture at Sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rauba-Bukowska
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Type B ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Natural Component

Abstract For microscopic examination, 22 pottery fragments from sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District were selected. The pottery types included beakers (N=19) and amphorae (N=3). The goal of the petrographic analysis was to identify mineralogical composition of ceramic fabric, sources of raw materials, and intentional additives to the clay. The analysis yielded data that helped determine ceramic fabrics types and preparation methods, as well as pottery firing conditions and approximate firing temperature. In all samples analysed, ceramic fabrics were prepared in a similar way, using heavy clay poor in muscovite, with grog deliberately added. Crystalline material present in some of the samples is most likely a natural component of raw materials used in the production process. No sand is added to the clay. No other method for preparing pastes was identified for the amphorae type. Previous observations on amphorae firing are confirmed: amphorae are fired in oxidizing conditions. The ceramic fabrics of two vessels have a deliberate admixture of bones in addition to grog and argillaceous rock intraclasts. Vessels decorated with cord impressions and vessels with herringbone or other incised patterns are more often made from paste type A (inclusion and grog) and paste type B (grog), respectively.

scholarly journals Review on Production of Single-Cell Protein from Food Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-974
Author(s):  
Nura Abdullahi ◽  
Munir Abba Dandago ◽  
Alkasim Kabiru Yunusa
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
World Population ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Preparation Methods

The roles of protein in bodybuilding and the regulation of biological processes are important in sustaining life. A large amount of protein is required by both humans and animals and this cannot be supplied by only conventional sources. This is because of the rapid increase in world population. The present sources of protein will not meet global protein demand in years to come. Scientists explore the production of single-cell protein (SCP), as an alternative source of protein, through the utilization of wastes and low-value materials. SCP can supply high-quality protein containing both essential and non-essential amino acids that can be utilized by humans and animals. Protein from microbial biomass is cheaper than animal proteins because the substrates used in the production are generally cheaper and more readily available. Moreover, the production process does not require arable land and the entire process can be completed within a short time. This article reviewed the process of SCP production. Different raw materials used in the production and variations in growth media preparation methods were discussed. Various sources of fermentation microorganisms and their potential substrate were reviewed. Growth media enrichment using different carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources was also discussed.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Biofuels as a Substitute to Conventional Fuels in IC Engines for Mass Transport and Distributed Power Generation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayapati Subbarao ◽  
Saisarath Kruthiventi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Distributed Power Generation ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
To Come

Depletion of petroleum based fuels has been a lot of concern among the governments and researchers around the world. Usage of biofuels in place of the conventional fuels is showing rapid growth because of the favourable characteristics like better performance and time improved emission characteristics. Present paper discusses about different available biofuels and their effectiveness in replacing fossil fuels and also how they affect the technological growth. Different works are compared to bring out the actual scenario with respect to the performance, emission, availability, production and preparation methods. It is observed that much effort is made by the stake holders in order to see biofuels as a viable alternative and as a future fuel for internal combustion engines. Performance improves slightly with the usage of biofuels and reduced emission characteristics may be logical to observe. But it may not be appreciable, considering the series of production processes involved. It still requires lot of time to commercialize and produce biofuels in mass. Also, there have been constraints like the availability of raw materials for the same. It is concluded that biofuels do play significant role in the days to come provided there is much more effort from researchers to simplify the technology in making biofuel as sustainable and cost effective with at least comparable performance.  

scholarly journals Current overview of carbon fiber: Toward green sustainable raw materials

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 7234-7259
Author(s):  
Yongjian Xu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Shenglin Chen ◽  
Yonghao Ni
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Solution Spinning ◽  
And Performance

Lignin, as a potential precursor of carbon fiber, has the characteristics of abundant reserves, renewable and high carbon content, and its application in the preparation of carbon fibers has substantial cost advantages if some important processing and quality hurdles can be overcome. This paper reviews the preparation process of lignin-based carbon fibers, and moreover, describes the characteristics of carbon fiber prepared by different precursors compared with the presently used precursors. Three preparation methods for lignin-based carbon fibers are introduced: melt spinning, solution spinning, and electrospinning. The applicability, advantages, and disadvantages of the three preparation methods are analyzed from the aspects of process conditions and performance characteristics. Possible directions for future research are considered, with the goal of providing a reference for further study of lignin-based carbon fibers.

Study on the Preparation Technology and Regeneration Technology of Activated Carbon

2019 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Yuan Ze Ma ◽  
Xiu Xia Zhang ◽  
Rong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Due to the developed pore structure ,high specific surface area, low cost, accessible raw materials and stable physical and chemical properties, activated carbon has caused high attention of society. Nowadays activated carbon has been widely used in capacitor electrode production, water pollution treatment, medicine and other fields. We review the various preparation methods of activated carbon and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of them in this paper. The characteristics of activated carbon regeneration technology are also discussed from the perspective of improving the utilization rate of activated carbon. With the development of China's green economy and the increasing awareness of people's environmental protection, the research on the preparation and regeneration of activated carbon will surely have a broader development prospect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document