Effects of electrical stimulation of the caudate nucleus on functionally identified neurons of the sensorimotor cortex in the cat brain

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
V. G. Sidyakin ◽  
A. M. Stashkov ◽  
E. V. Mel’nichenko ◽  
I. I. Korenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Identified Neurons ◽  
Cat Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals A probabilistic map of the human ventral sensorimotor cortex using electrical stimulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Breshears ◽  
Annette M. Molinaro ◽  
Edward F. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Probabilistic Maps ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Intraoperative Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

OBJECT The human ventral sensorimotor cortex (vSMC) is involved in facial expression, mastication, and swallowing, as well as the dynamic and highly coordinated movements of human speech production. However, vSMC organization remains poorly understood, and previously published population-driven maps of its somatotopy do not accurately reflect the variability across individuals in a quantitative, probabilistic fashion. The goal of this study was to describe the responses to electrical stimulation of the vSMC, generate probabilistic maps of function in the vSMC, and quantify the variability across individuals. METHODS Photographic, video, and stereotactic MRI data of intraoperative electrical stimulation of the vSMC were collected for 33 patients undergoing awake craniotomy. Stimulation sites were converted to a 2D coordinate system based on anatomical landmarks. Motor, sensory, and speech stimulation responses were reviewed and classified. Probabilistic maps of stimulation responses were generated, and spatial variance was quantified. RESULTS In 33 patients, the authors identified 194 motor, 212 sensory, 61 speech-arrest, and 27 mixed responses. Responses were complex, stereotyped, and mostly nonphysiological movements, involving hand, orofacial, and laryngeal musculature. Within individuals, the presence of oral movement representations varied; however, the dorsal-ventral order was always preserved. The most robust motor responses were jaw (probability 0.85), tongue (0.64), lips (0.58), and throat (0.52). Vocalizations were seen in 6 patients (0.18), more dorsally near lip and dorsal throat areas. Sensory responses were spatially dispersed; however, patients' subjective reports were highly precise in localization within the mouth. The most robust responses included tongue (0.82) and lips (0.42). The probability of speech arrest was 0.85, highest 15–20 mm anterior to the central sulcus and just dorsal to the sylvian fissure, in the anterior precentral gyrus or pars opercularis. CONCLUSIONS The authors report probabilistic maps of function in the human vSMC based on intraoperative cortical electrical stimulation. These results define the expected range of mapping outcomes in the vSMC of a single individual and shed light on the functional organization of the vSMC supporting speech motor control and nonspeech functions.

Effects of Anticonvulsant Drugs upon Patterns of Seizure Discharge and Brain Thresholds: Some Implications for Memory Mechanisms

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold C. Nielson ◽  
Don R. Justesen ◽  
Paul B. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drugs ◽  
Leg Flexion ◽  
Dissociation Of Learning ◽  
Stimulation Of

10 cats were trained to perform an avoidance leg flexion at a signal: electrical stimulation of the caudate nucleus or the centre median. Thresholds were found to be elevated by anticonvulsants. In 3 of these cats, seizure discharges were induced by stimulation of the hippocampus and recorded on an EEG. The data are interpreted as indicating alteration of nerve impulse pathways. It is argued that such alteration may underlie dissociation of learning produced by various drugs and states.

Motor Evoked Potentials Elicited from Pyramidal Stimulation and Recorded from the Spinal Cord in the Rat

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ryder ◽  
Rosario Zappulla ◽  
Julia Nieves
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Latency Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract This study investigated the spinal evoked response to focal electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex in 32 rats. The results demonstrate a long-latency response (beginning at 8 milliseconds); elicited by electrical stimulation, which is distinct from the short-latency motor evoked potential previously reported. The conduction velocity of this later response is similar to that reported for the pyramidal tract in the rat. Experiments confirm that the longer latency response depends upon the integrity of the pyramidal system. Focal stimulation outside the sensorimotor cortex failed to elicit a response. Experimental lesions of the pyramidal tract or ablating the sensorimotor cortex eliminated the spinal cord evoked response. The results demonstrate that focal stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex results in a spinal cord evoked response that represents activity within the pyramidal system. The utility of this response in the rat model for assessing experimental cord injury is discussed.

c-Fos Expression After Chronic Electrical Stimulation of Sensorimotor Cortex in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Shijo ◽  
Yoichi Katayama ◽  
Akiko Yamashita ◽  
Kazutaka Kobayashi ◽  
Hideki Oshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Stimulation Of Sensorimotor Cortex
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