Mathematical model of human body surface area

A convenient and rapid photographic technique of obtaining data which can be used for the calculation of human body surface area is described. The results, which are in good agreement with values obtained by a reliable method of readings from a chart, provide additional support for the application of the increasingly important photographic method of quantitation in human biology. Data have also been obtained which suggest that the surface area of dogs may satisfactorily be estimated by the same previously reported chart method used for human beings. Empirical equations for the calculation of body volume (and density) in man, based essentially on measurements of weight and height, have been developed and tested in respect to measured values obtainable from the literature. Statistical evaluation and the criteria of convenience and rapidity in use, rather than more restrictive theoretical considerations, indicate the superiority of predominantly empirical relationships as the methods of choice for the prediction of body volume. Comparison of the reliability of the results with those obtainable by established methods of quantitation indicates that these equations may be useful as approximate, but most convenient indices of gross body composition. Submitted on April 1, 1959

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Differences in pressure sensitivity and tactile discrimination among individuals as a function of gender and body surface area

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e527352012-548 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Somer M. Givens ◽

David B. Boles

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Pressure Sensitivity ◽

Tactile Discrimination

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Risk Factors for Bleeding during Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650643 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (05) ◽

pp. 682-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Jos P J Wester ◽

Harold W de Valk ◽

Karel H Nieuwenhuis ◽

Catherine B Brouwer ◽

Yolanda van der Graaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Small Body ◽

Bleeding Risk ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Risk Of Bleeding ◽

Acute Venous Thromboembolism

Summary Objective: Identification of risk factors for bleeding and prospective evaluation of two bleeding risk scores in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective, randomized, assessor-blind, multicenter clinical trial. Setting: One university and 2 regional teaching hospitals. Patients: 188 patients treated with heparin or danaparoid for acute venous thromboembolism. Measurements: The presenting clinical features, the doses of the drugs, and the anticoagulant responses were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to evaluate prognostic factors for bleeding. In addition, the recently developed Utrecht bleeding risk score and Landefeld bleeding risk index were evaluated prospectively. Results: Major bleeding occurred in 4 patients (2.1%) and minor bleeding in 101 patients (53.7%). For all (major and minor combined) bleeding, body surface area ≤2 m2 (odds ratio 2.3, 95% Cl 1.2-4.4; p = 0.01), and malignancy (odds ratio 2.4, 95% Cl 1.1-4.9; p = 0.02) were confirmed to be independent risk factors. An increased treatment-related risk of bleeding was observed in patients treated with high doses of heparin, independent of the concomitant activated partial thromboplastin time ratios. Both bleeding risk scores had low diagnostic value for bleeding in this sample of mainly minor bleeders. Conclusions: A small body surface area and malignancy were associated with a higher frequency of bleeding. The bleeding risk scores merely offer the clinician a general estimation of the risk of bleeding. In patients with a small body surface area or in patients with malignancy, it may be of interest to study whether limited dose reduction of the anticoagulant drug may cause less bleeding without affecting efficacy.

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