Phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine transferases in gray matter and white matter from developing rat brain

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1445-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sanjeeva Reddy ◽  
Lloyd A. Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Developing Rat

Activated protein C reduces endotoxin-induced white matter injury in the developing rat brain

2007 ◽  
Vol 1164 ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Cemile Yesilirmak ◽  
Abdullah Kumral ◽  
Huseyin Baskin ◽  
Bekir Ugur Ergur ◽  
Simge Aykan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Developing Rat

scholarly journals Widespread distribution of the major polypeptide component of MAP 1 (microtubule-associated protein 1) in the nervous system.

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 320-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Bloom ◽  
T A Schoenfeld ◽  
R B Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

We prepared a monoclonal antibody to microtubule-associated protein 1 (MAP 1), one of the two major high molecular weight MAP found in microtubules isolated from brain tissue. We found that MAP 1 can be resolved by SDS PAGE into three electrophoretic bands, which we have designated MAP 1A, MAP 1B, and MAP 1C in order of increasing electrophoretic mobility. Our antibody recognized exclusively MAP 1A, the most abundant and largest MAP 1 polypeptide. To determine the distribution of MAP 1A in nervous system tissues and cells, we examined tissue sections from rat brain and spinal cord, as well as primary cultures of newborn rat brain by immunofluorescence microscopy. Anti-MAP 1A stained white matter and gray matter regions, while a polyclonal anti-MAP 2 antibody previously prepared in this laboratory stained only gray matter. This confirmed our earlier biochemical results, which indicated that MAP 1 is more uniformly distributed in brain tissue than MAP 2 (Vallee, R.B., 1982, J. Cell Biol., 92:435-442). To determine the identity of cells and cellular processes immunoreactive with anti-MAP 1A, we examined a variety of brain and spinal cord regions. Fibrous staining of white matter by anti-MAP 1A was generally observed. This was due in part to immunoreactivity of axons, as judged by examination of axonal fiber tracts in the cerebral cortex and of large myelinated axons in the spinal cord and in spinal nerve roots. Cells with the morphology of oligodendrocytes were brightly labeled in white matter. Intense staining of Purkinje cell dendrites in the cerebellar cortex and of the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex was observed. By double-labeling with antibodies to MAP 1A and MAP 2, the presence of both MAP in identical dendrites and neuronal perikarya was found. In primary brain cell cultures anti-MAP 2 stained predominantly cells of neuronal morphology. In contrast, anti-MAP 1A stained nearly all cells. Included among these were neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes as determined by double-labeling with anti-MAP 1A in combination with antibody to MAP 2, myelin basic protein or glial fibrillary acidic protein, respectively. These results indicate that in contrast to MAP 2, which is specifically enriched in dendrites and perikarya of neurons, MAP 1A is widely distributed in the nervous system.

scholarly journals Preliminary Observations on Sensitivity and Specificity of Magnetization Transfer Asymmetry for Imaging Myelin of Rat Brain at High Field

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Woong Kim ◽  
Jiye Choi ◽  
Janggeun Cho ◽  
Chulhyun Lee ◽  
Daejong Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
High Field ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Myelin Imaging

Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) has been often used for imaging myelination. Despite its high sensitivity, the specificity of MTR to myelination is not high because tissues with no myelin such as muscle can also show high MTR. In this study, we propose a new magnetization transfer (MT) indicator, MT asymmetry (MTA), as a new method of myelin imaging. The experiments were performed on rat brain at 9.4 T. MTA revealed high signals in white matter and significantly low signals in gray matter and muscle, indicating that MTA has higher specificity than MTR. Demyelination and remyelination studies demonstrated that the sensitivity of MTA to myelination was as high as that of MTR. These experimental results indicate that MTA can be a good biomarker for imaging myelination. In addition, MTA images can be efficiently acquired with an interslice MTA method, which may accelerate clinical application of myelin imaging.

scholarly journals Electrical Fields Induced Inside the Rat Brain with Skin, Skull, and Dural Placements of the Current Injection Electrode

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet S. Asan ◽  
Sinan Gok ◽  
Mesut Sahin
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Electrical Fields ◽  
The Brain

AbstractTranscranial electrical stimulation (tES) is rapidly becoming an indispensable clinical tool with its different forms. Animal data are crucially needed for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tES. For reproducibility of results in animal experiments, the electric fields (E-Fields) inside the brain parenchyma induced by the injected currents need to be predicted accurately. In this study, we measured the electrical fields in the rat brain perpendicular to the brain surface, i.e. vertical electric field (VE-field), when the stimulation electrode was placed over the skin, skull, or dura mater through a craniotomy hole. The E-field attenuation through the skin was a few times larger than that of the skull and the presence of skin substantially reduced the VE-field peak at the cortical surface near the electrode. The VE-field declined much quicker in the gray matter underneath the pial surface than it did in the white matter, and thus the large VE-fields were contained mostly in the gray matter. The transition at the gray/white matter border caused a significant peak in the VE-field, as well as at other local inhomogeneties. A conductivity value of 0.57 S/m is predicted as a global value for the whole brain by matching our VE-field measurements to the field profile given by analytical equations for volume conductors. Finally, insertion of the current return electrode into the shoulder, submandibular, and hind leg muscles had virtually no effects on the measured E-field amplitudes in the cortex underneath the epidural electrodes.

Long-chain acyl CoA synthetase in microsomes from rat brain gray matter and white matter

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sanjeeva Reddy ◽  
Nicolas G. Bazan
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Long Chain

Ethyl pyruvate protects against lipopolysaccharide‐induced white matter injury in the developing rat brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Yingyan ◽  
Yin Ping ◽  
Huang Shanying ◽  
Wang Jiwen ◽  
Sun Ruopeng
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Ethyl Pyruvate ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Developing Rat
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