Architecture of models for prebiotic synthesis of proteins: Formation of polypeptides under possible primitive earth conditions

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 510-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yanagawa ◽  
K. Kojima ◽  
M. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Prebiotic Synthesis ◽  
Primitive Earth

scholarly journals Phosphorus in prebiotic chemistry

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1474) ◽  
pp. 1743-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Prebiotic Synthesis ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Primitive Earth ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Low Solubility

The prebiotic synthesis of phosphorus-containing compounds—such as nucleotides and polynucleotides—would require both a geologically plausible source of the element and pathways for its incorporation into chemical systems on the primitive Earth. The mineral apatite, which is the only significant source of phosphate on Earth, has long been thought to be problematical in this respect due to its low solubility and reactivity. However, in the last decade or so, at least two pathways have been demonstrated which would circumvent these perceived problems. In addition, recent results would seem to suggest an additional, extraterrestrial source of reactive phosphorus. It appears that the ‘phosphorus problem’ is no longer the stumbling block which it was once thought to be.

Comets and Life on the Primitive Earth

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Orò ◽  
Cristiano B. Cosmovici
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Prebiotic Synthesis ◽  
External Source ◽  
Primitive Earth ◽  
Molecular Precursors ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Biochemical Compounds ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cometary Origin

AbstractComets may have contributed substantial amounts of water, volatiles and organic precursors such as HCN for the synthesis of biochemical compounds on the primitive Earth. This suggestion followed closely the prebiotic synthesis of adenine, purines and amino acids from HCN. Recent studies on the terrestrial heavy noble gases provide evidence that comets are the principal external source of Earth’s volatiles. During the encounter of comet Halley strong jets of CN, C2, C3and NH2were measured from Earth observatories, and by spacecraft mass spectrometry HCN, formaldehyde, adenine and many other organic compounds were detected, except amino acids. Obviously the latter require liquid water for their formation. Therefore upon capture of comets by the Earth, and melting of the frozen water, the synthesis of most biochemical compounds could take place readily. The detection of water, HCN and other organics of cometary origin after the impact of Comet SL-9 with Jupiter demonstrated the capability of survival of these molecules even after catastrophic events. Thus on the Earth HCN could be converted into purines, cyanacetylene, after hydration and condensation with urea, into pyrimidines, and formaldehyde into monosaccharides. In the presence of phosphates, which have been detected in cometary IDPs, nucleotides could also be synthesized. In conclusion, comets probably provided the necessary molecular precursors for the generation of life on the Earth.

scholarly journals β-Galactosidase-Producing Isolates in Mucoromycota: Screening, Enzyme Production, and Applications for Functional Oligosaccharide Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Bettina Volford ◽  
Mónika Varga ◽  
András Szekeres ◽  
Alexandra Kotogán ◽  
Gábor Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Prebiotic Synthesis ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Oligosaccharide Synthesis ◽  
Industrial Enzymes ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Lichtheimia Ramosa ◽  
Excellent Source

β-Galactosidases of Mucoromycota are rarely studied, although this group of filamentous fungi is an excellent source of many industrial enzymes. In this study, 99 isolates from the genera Lichtheimia, Mortierella, Mucor, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus and Umbelopsis, were screened for their β-galactosidase activity using a chromogenic agar approach. Ten isolates from the best producers were selected, and the activity was further investigated in submerged (SmF) and solid-state (SSF) fermentation systems containing lactose and/or wheat bran substrates as enzyme production inducers. Wheat bran proved to be efficient for the enzyme production under both SmF and SSF conditions, giving maximum specific activity yields from 32 to 12,064 U/mg protein and from 783 to 22,720 U/mg protein, respectively. Oligosaccharide synthesis tests revealed the suitability of crude β-galactosidases from Lichtheimia ramosa Szeged Microbiological Collection (SZMC) 11360 and Rhizomucor pusillus SZMC 11025 to catalyze transgalactosylation reactions. In addition, the crude enzyme extracts had transfructosylation activity, resulting in the formation of fructo-oligosaccharide molecules in a sucrose-containing environment. The maximal oligosaccharide concentration varied between 0.0158 and 2.236 g/L depending on the crude enzyme and the initial material. Some oligosaccharide-enriched mixtures supported the growth of probiotics, indicating the potential of the studied enzyme extracts in future prebiotic synthesis processes.

scholarly journals Prebiotic synthesis of aminooxazoline-5′-phosphates in water by oxidative phosphorylation

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (36) ◽  
pp. 4919-4921 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fernández-García ◽  
N. M. Grefenstette ◽  
M. W. Powner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Prebiotic Synthesis ◽  
Strecker Synthesis ◽  
Novel Strategy

A novel strategy for aminooxazoline-5′-phosphate synthesis in water from prebiotic feedstocks, which is generationally linked to Strecker synthesis of proteinogenic amino acids.

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