Allorhogas pyralophagus [Hym.: Braconidae], a gregarious external parasite imported into texas, USA, for biological control of the stalkborerEoreuma loftini [Lep.: Pyralidae] on sugar cane

Entomophaga ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Smith ◽  
H. W. Browning ◽  
F. D. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Allorhogas Pyralophagus

Rostropria, a new genus of Opisthognathous Diapriine wasp from Australia, and notes on the genus Neurogalesus (Hymenoptera : Proctotrupoidea : Diapriidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Early ◽  
ID Naumann
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Eastern Australia

Rostropria, gen. nov., comprising six new species (casta, garbo, gondola, inopicida, simplex and spiniventris) from eastern Australia, is most closely related to Neurogalesus Kieffer. The palpal formula is variable within Rostropria. R. inopicida is a parasite of the sugarcane soldier fly, Inopus rubriceps (Macquart) (Stratiomyidae), and a potential biological control agent for this pest of pastures and sugar cane. Euhoplopria Dodd is synonymised with Neurogalesus and the three described species (E. carinatifrons Dodd, E. lativentris Dodd, E. emargipennis Dodd) are transferred to Neurogalesus.

The Biology and Control of the Sugar-cane Chafer Beetles in Tanganyika

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Jepson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
And Control ◽  
Clemora Smithi

The principal pest of sugar-cane in northern Tanganyika is the Red Cane Beetle, Cochliotis melolonthoides (Gerst.) (Melolonthidae). Descriptions of adults and larvae of Cochliotis and of allied beetles found in the same area are given.The bionomics of Cochliotis have been studied in the field over two seasons. The life-cycle is annual with adult swarming in early October and a season of maximum larval damage in July–August.The intensity of infestation and the nature of the losses are discussed, and the mortality factors which act upon Cochliotis in nature are reviewed.Cultural control measures suggested include the deferment of planting until July to October, when larval activity has waned; introduction of quick-maturing varieties, mechanically cultivated so that long ratooning can be gradually eliminated; regulation of the water table by control of irrigation, and the trial of resistant varieties. The Mauritius varieties M. 134/32 and M. 165/38 are suggested in this connection.Biological control is discussed and a review of the parasite species that might possibly be introduced is made largely from the writer's Mauritius work on Clemora smithi (Arr.).Experiments in the chemical control of Cochliotis are described and the final recommendation is the application at planting of ½ lb. per 50 ft. of furrow of a BHC powder containing 2·5 per cent, of γ BHC. This practice has been adopted by the infested estate with successful results in virgins and first ratoons.Further work is suggested on the chemical protection of second and later ratoons by surface application of BHC or aldrin.

Parasites and Hyperparasites of Diatraea saccharalis in Tucumán Sugar–cane

1927 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Brèthes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
The Road ◽  
Interesting Article ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Moth Borer

In the Revista Industrial y Agrícola de Tucumán of November 1923 to January 1924, 4th year, numbers 6–8, Arthur H. Rosenfeld & T. C. Barber published an interesting article on the sugar-cane moth borer, known in Tucumán as the “ gusano chupador de la caña de azucar,” in which they detail the different effects of the said moth borer (Diatraea saccharalis).Last year, Dr. William E. Cross, Director of the Estación Industrial y Agrícola de Tucumán, was good enough to entrust me with the study of some Diatraea parasites, the identification of which had, so far, only been effected generically.My best thanks are due to Dr. Cross for having supplied me with material for this investigation, which I consider very interesting, owing to the daily increasing importance of the biological control of agricultural pests.There is no doubt but that by continuing these investigations other parasites will be discovered ; this is as yet only the first step on the road which may lead to very important results.

A Review of twenty-five Years of economic Entomology in the Island of Mauritius

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Andre Moutia ◽  
Raymond Mamet
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Solenopsis Geminata ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug ◽  
Clemora Smithi ◽  
Aspidiotus Destructor

The practical results achieved in the past twenty-five years' work on the major insect pest problems of Mauritius are discussed.The major insect pests studied are the white grubs of sugar-cane, Clemora smithi (= Phytalus smithi) and Oryctes tarandus; the sugar-cane moth borers, Proceras sacchariphagus, Sesamia vuteria, and Argyroploce schistaceana; the coconut scale-insect, Aspidiotus destructor; the pineapple mealybug, Pseudococcus brevipes; the cochineal insects of the prickly pears, Dactylopius tomentosus and D. indicus; fruit-flies; the biting flies, Stomoxys nigra and S. calcitrans; the red ant, Solenopsis geminata; the black ant, Technomyrmex detorquens; and termites.The actual status of these pests is given in detail. Clemora smithi, which was first recorded in 1911, is still a major pest of sugar-cane in spite of the 43 species of parasites and 2 species of predators introduced to check it. Oryctes tarandus very seldom causes severe damage now to sugar-cane plantations. It is a sporadic pest, and has been definitely held in check since the Scoliid wasp, Scolia oryctophaga, was introduced from Madagascar in 1917.The status of the three moth borers of sugar-cane and that of their parasites is fully dealt with. Of the five species of parasites introduced from Ceylon and Madagascar in 1938–40 to control Proceras sacchariphagus, only one has so far been recovered and its beneficial effect is very limited. An account is given of experiments on the mass liberation of the egg parasites, Trichogramma australicum and T. evanescens. The results were in both cases deceptive. The spotted borer, P. sacchariphagus, is a major pest of sugar-cane in some localities and further introductions of parasites from other cane-growing countries are recommended.The coconut scale, Aspidiotus destructor, which, since 1927, threatened all the coconut plantations of the Island, is now under control, owing to the introduction from Ceylon and Java, respectively, of the predacious Coccinellids, Chilocorus nigritus and C. politus. The bionomics of the various parasites and predators of this scale in Mauritius are fully described.A historical review is given of the introduction of the cochineal insects of prickly pear, Dactylopius indicus and D. tomentosus in the Island. The completely successful eradication of Opuntia tuna and O. monacantha, by these two Coccids is given as a typical example of the biological control of noxious plants by insects.The pineapple mealybug. Pseudococcus brevipes, which is responsible for wilting disease, is considered to be one of the factors limiting the development of the pineapple industry in Mauritius. Spraying with a diesel-clay emulsion, though checking this pest, is limited in its application. Further introductions of parasites and predators are desirable.The common white mealybug, Icerya seychellarum, is still a major pest of orchards and ornamental plants in spite of the presence of the local Coccinellid predators, Rodolia chertnesina and Exochomus laeviusculus. Practical control can be achieved by the use of banding grease coupled with the attacks of predators. No local parasite has been recorded in Mauritius.Six species of Trypetids are recorded. Of these, the flies attacking cucurbitaceous fruits are the most harmful. Experiments with numerous attractants for fruit-flies are mentioned. The only bait showing any success in the control of the Dacus flies is the Mally fruit-fly bait. Parasites have been imported from South Africa and Ceylon without success. Further attempts should be made.The bionomics and breeding places of the blood-sucking fly, Stomoxys nigra, are described.The Red Ant, Solenopsis geminata, is a major pest of seedlings in Mauritius. It is now destroyed by the use of a diesel-clay emulsion. Baits containing thallium sulphate have been tried without success.The rôle of the Black Ant, Technomyrmex detorquens, in preventing development of the Coccinellid predators on Icerya seychellarum is emphasised. Barber's poisoned bait has been found very useful against this household pest.A review of the species of termites found in Mauritius as well as the various means of control used against them are given. An insecticidal powder containing arsenious oxide has given the best results.During the last 25–30 years, 64 species of parasites and predators have been imported for the biological control of eight species of insects of major economic importance and of two species of noxious plants.The results achieved indicate that the introduction of parasites and predators in insular countries like Mauritius should be carried out only after a thorough investigation of the various ecological, biotic and climatic factors existing between the country of exportation and the country of importation.The rôle of cyclonic disturbance in the fluctuation of the parasite population is mentioned. Scoliid parasites, for instance, are generally scarce after violently disturbed weather and may sometimes remain so for two or three years after the disturbance.

Biological control of Chilo spp. in sugar-cane

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 733-748
Author(s):  
H. David ◽  
S. Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sugar Cane

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

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