A hyperparasite of coccids develops as a primary parasite of fly puparia

Entomophaga ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rosen ◽  
Rami Kfir
Keyword(s):  
Primary Parasite

The biology of Pseudorhyssa sternata Merrill (Hym., Ichneumonidae), a cleptoparasite of Siricid woodwasps

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Spradbery
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Symbiotic Fungus ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Larval Frass ◽  
Venom Glands ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
Gain Access

The life-history of Pseudorhyssa sternata Merrill was investigated under natural and artificial conditions.When P. sternata and Rhyssa persuasoria (L.) females were present on Siricidinfested logs, P. sternata observed the primary parasite making drill shafts, and after the primary withdrew its ovipositor and moved away, P. sternata located the shaft and inserted its ovipositor to gain access to the host. P. sternata was able to locate R. persuasoria drill shafts aged 1–38 days.P. sternata females were stimulated to oviposition behaviour when presented with paper drilled by R. persuasoria, and this response was enhanced by the presence of wet Siricid frass, or the symbiotic fungus of Siricids. Ovipositor probing was also made through artificial holes into frass. Bioassay of R. persuasoria vaginal and venom glands resulted in considerable probing into filter paper impregnated with vaginal gland extract.It was concluded that P. sternata females probably locate Siricid-infested trees by responding to a generalised stimulus that is potent in larval frass, and which possibly derives from the symbiotic fungus. The cleptoparasite probably finds the drill-shaft by responding to a secretion of the vaginal gland of the primary parasite.

A hymenopterous primary parasite of morabine grasshoppers

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Blackith
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
Braconid Wasp

The grasshoppers of the subfamily Morabinae (Orthoptera: Eumastacidae) are infested by a braconid wasp, the first record of a hymenopterous primary parasite, other than egg parasites, of any grasshopper or locust. The braconid is a distinctive new species of euphorine and is described, with notes on its distribution and life history. Other parasites are briefly noted.

THE PATHOGENICITY OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS TO CELERY

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Celery seedlings, grown aseptically in silica sand with plant nutrients, were inoculated with surface-sterilized specimens of the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941. The reactions of invaded roots were studied microscopically. The epidermis, cortex, and endodermis of young celery roots showed different degrees of discoloration after invasion of P. penetrans, with the endodermis most severely affected. Pratylenchus penetrans was a primary parasite and pathogen of celery.

The Biology of Microplectron fuscipennis, Zett. (Chalcid.), a Parasite of the Pine Sawfly (Diprion sertifer, Geoff.)

1935 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. S. Morris ◽  
E. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Host Material ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Pine Sawflies ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Primary Parasite

Cocoons of Diprion sertifer, Geoffr., containing nearly eight millions Microplectron fuscipennis, Zett., were collected in Europe in 1934 and despatched to Canada for the control of the Spruce Sawfly, Diprion polytomum, Htg.This parasite is widely distributed throughout Europe as a primary parasite of several species of pine sawflies of the genus Diprion.A full account of the biology and a detailed description of the various stages is given.In the laboratory it was reared in large numbers on the cocoons of D. polytomum from Canada.Its chances of success in Canada depend on its acclimatisation and the accessibility and quantity of host material. Its tremendous fecundity and rapid rate of increase are greatly in its favour.

Hyperparasitism, a Mutualistic Phenomenon

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 716-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Continuous Reproduction ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractHyperparasitism is a mortality factor that generally is beneficial to the continuous reproduction of the species involved.The parasites of a primary parasite of a phytophagous insect may exhibit two distinctive types of secondary relations to that insect. These types are defined as follows:Direct secondary parasitism: that type of host-parasite symbiosis where only the primary's parasitized host or the primary itself is attacked.Indirect secondary parasitism: that type of host-parasite symbiosis where the primary's phytophagous host is attacked whether parasitized or not parasitized.The host mortality caused by direct secondary parasitism may greatly exceed that caused by indirect secondary parasitism, this being manifested when the percentage of the primary parasitization of the phytophagous host is minimal.

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