Reproduction of the Arctic copepodCalanus hyperboreus in the Greenland Sea-field and laboratory observations

Polar Biology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jürgen Hirche ◽  
Barbara Niehoff
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Greenland Sea

scholarly journals Sea ice volume variability and water temperature in the Greenland Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Selyuzhenok ◽  
Igor Bashmachnikov ◽  
Robert Ricker ◽  
Anna Vesman ◽  
Leonid Bobylev
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Nordic Seas ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Long Term Variations

Abstract. This study explores a link between the long-term variations in the integral sea ice volume (SIV) in the Greenland Sea and oceanic processes. Using the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS, 1979–2016), we show that the increasing sea ice volume flux through Fram Strait goes in parallel with a decrease in SIV in the Greenland Sea. The overall SIV loss in the Greenland Sea is 113 km3 per decade, while the total SIV import through Fram Strait increases by 115 km3 per decade. An analysis of the ocean temperature and the mixed-layer depth (MLD) over the climatic mean area of the winter marginal sea ice zone (MIZ) revealed a doubling of the amount of the upper-ocean heat content available for the sea ice melt from 1993 to 2016. This increase alone can explain the SIV loss in the Greenland Sea over the 24-year study period, even when accounting for the increasing SIV flux from the Arctic. The increase in the oceanic heat content is found to be linked to an increase in temperature of the Atlantic Water along the main currents of the Nordic Seas, following an increase in the oceanic heat flux from the subtropical North Atlantic. We argue that the predominantly positive winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index during the 4 most recent decades, together with an intensification of the deep convection in the Greenland Sea, is responsible for the intensification of the cyclonic circulation pattern in the Nordic Seas, which results in the observed long-term variations in the SIV.

Reproduction of the Arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus in the Greenland Sea-field and laboratory observations

Polar Biology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jürgen Hirche ◽  
Barbara Niehoff
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Calanus Hyperboreus

Relationships linking satellite-retrieved ocean color data with atmospheric components in the Arctic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Marbouti ◽  
Sehyun Jang ◽  
Silvia Becagli ◽  
Tuomo Nieminen ◽  
Gabriel Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Melting ◽  
New Particle Formation ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Color Data

<p>We examined the relationships linking in-situ measurements of gas-phase methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (SA), iodic acid (HIO3), Highly Oxidized Organic Molecules (HOM) and aerosol size-distributions with satellite-derived chlorophyll (Chl-a) and oceanic primary production (PP). Atmospheric data were collected at Ny-Ålesund site during spring-summer 2017 (30th March-4th August). We compared ocean color data from Barents Sea and Greenland Sea with concentrations of low-volatile vapours and new particle formation. The aim is to understand the main factors controlling the concentrations of atmospheric components in the Arctic in different ocean domains and seasons. Early phytoplanktonic bloom starting in April at the marginal ice zone caused Chl-a and PP in the Barents Sea to be higher than in the Greenland Sea during spring, whereas the pattern was opposite in summer. We found the correlation between ocean color data (Chl-a and PP) and MSA decreasing from spring to summer in Barents Sea and increasing in Greenland Sea. This establishes relationship between sea ice melting and phytoplanktonic bloom, which starts by sea ice melting. Similar pattern was observed for SA. Also HIO3 in both ocean domains correlated with Chl-a and PP during spring time. Greenland Sea was more active than Barents Sea. These results suggest that marine phytoplankton metabolism is an important source of MSA and SA, as expected, but also a source of HIO3 precursors (such as I2). HOMs had low correlation with ocean color parameters in comparison to other atmospheric vapours in this study both in spring and summer. The plausible explanation for low correlation is that the primary source of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) – precursors of HOM – is the soil of Svalbard archipelago rather than ocean. During spring, nucleation mode particles were found to correlate with Chl-a at Barents Sea and with PP at Greenland Sea. This means that biogenic productivity has a strong impact on new particle formation in spring although small particles are not related to biogenic parameters in summer.</p>

scholarly journals Soundscape and ambient noise levels of the Arctic waters around Greenland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ladegaard ◽  
Jamie Macauley ◽  
Malene Simon ◽  
Kristin L. Laidre ◽  
Aleksandrina Mitseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Underwater Noise ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Seismic Surveys

AbstractA longer Arctic open water season is expected to increase underwater noise levels due to anthropogenic activities such as shipping, seismic surveys, sonar, and construction. Many Arctic marine mammal species depend on sound for communication, navigation, and foraging, therefore quantifying underwater noise levels is critical for documenting change and providing input to management and legislation. Here we present long-term underwater sound recordings from 26 deployments around Greenland from 2011 to 2020. Ambient noise was analysed in third octave and decade bands and further investigated using generic detectors searching for tonal and transient sounds. Ambient noise levels partly overlap with previous Arctic observations, however we report much lower noise levels than previously documented, specifically for Melville Bay and the Greenland Sea. Consistent seasonal noise patterns occur in Melville Bay, Baffin Bay and Greenland Sea, with noise levels peaking in late summer and autumn correlating with open water periods and seismic surveys. These three regions also had similar tonal detection patterns that peaked in May/June, likely due to bearded seal vocalisations. Biological activity was more readily identified using detectors rather than band levels. We encourage additional research to quantify proportional noise contributions from geophysical, biological, and anthropogenic sources in Arctic waters.

scholarly journals Role of cabbeling in water densification in the Greenland Basin

Ocean Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kasajima ◽  
T. Johannessen
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Greenland Basin

Abstract. The effects of cabbeling mixing on water mass modification in the Greenland Sea were explored by hydrographic observations across the Greenland Basin in summer 2006. The neutral surface was chosen as a reference frame, and the strength of cabbeling mixing was quantified by the dianeutral velocity magnitude. Active cabbeling spots were detected with the criterion of the velocity magnitude >1 m/day, and four active cabbeling areas were identified; the west of Bear Island (SB), the Arctic Frontal Zone (AFZ), the central Greenland Sea (CG) and the western Greenland Sea (WG). The most vigorous cabbeling mixing was found at SB, where warm North Atlantic Water (NAW) mixed with cold water from the Barents Sea, inducing a maximum velocity of 7.5 m/day and a maximum density gain of 4.7×10−3 kg/m3. At AFZ and CG, the mixing took place between NAW, modified NAW and Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW), and the density gain at these fronts were 1.5×10−3 kg/m3 (AFZ) and 1.3×10−3 kg/m3 (CG). In the western Greenland Sea, the active cabbeling spots were widely separated and mixing appeared to be rather weak, with a maximum velocity of 2.5 m/day. The mixing source waters at WG were modified NAW, AIW and even denser water, and the density gain in this area was 0.4×10−3 kg/m3. The deepest mixing produced water whose density is equivalent to that of the dense water of the basin, indicating that cabbeling in the western Greenland Sea contributed directly to basin-scale water densification. The water mass modification rate was the highest at AFZ (about 8.0 Sv), suggesting that cabbeling may play an important role in water transformation in the Greenland Basin.

scholarly journals Role of cabbeling in water densification in the Greenland Basin

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-543
Author(s):  
Y. Kasajima ◽  
T. Johannessen
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Water Types ◽  
North Atlantic Water ◽  
Greenland Basin ◽  
Eastern Periphery ◽  
Induced Velocity

Abstract. The contribution of cabbeling mixing to water mass modification in the Greenland Sea was explored from hydrographic observation across the Greenland Basin in summer 2006. Neutral surface was chosen as a reference frame, and the strength of cabbeling mixing was determined by the dianeutral velocity magnitude. Water types in the area were classified into North Atlantic Water (NAW), modified North Atlantic Water (mNAW), water from Barents Sea near Bear Island (BIW), Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) and Deep Water (DW), and significant cabbeling-induced velocity (>1 m/day) appeared at the interfaces of these water types below the seasonal pycnocline. The mixing between BIW and NAW in the eastern periphery was the most vigorous, where mixing-induced velocity reached 7.5 m/day which accompanied NAW production of 123 m3/day through transformation of BIW. Cabbeling in the Arctic Frontal Zone was found of two types; mixing within NAW in the upper layer and mixing within mNAW in the lower layer with a maximum velocity of 3 m/day. Source waters in the central Greenland Basin were AIW and mNAW and produced a vertical velocity of 4 m/day. In the western part of the Greenland Basin, the areas of active cabbeling were widely separated and each mixing point appeared rather weak, with a maximum velocity of 2.5 m/day. The average density gain in the eastern periphery was 0.003 kg/m3 while it was 0.001 kg/m3 in the other areas, though the impact of cabbeling on the bulk buoyancy change was highest in the western Greenland Sea. The frontal areas occupied approximately 50% of the whole analysis area and the total density gain due to cabbeling mixing in the Greenland Basin as a whole was estimated as 6.7×10−4 kg/m3.

scholarly journals Synoptic-scale ice-motion case-studies using assimilated motion fields

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter N. Meier ◽  
James A. Maslanik
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Microwave Imager ◽  
Climate Studies

AbstractObserved and modeled sea-ice motions, combined via an optimal-interpolation assimilation method, are used to study two synoptic events in the Arctic. The first is a convergence event along the north Alaska coast in the Beaufort Sea during November 1992. Assimilation indicates stronger convergence than the stand-alone model, in agreement with Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-derived ice motions and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager-derived ice concentrations. The second event pertains to ice formation and advection in Fram Strait and the Barents and Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian Seas. Assimilation indicates export of thick, less saline ice out of the central Arctic into the East Greenland Sea. However, the model indicates little flow through Fram Strait, instead showing strong flow of thin, more saline first-year ice from the Barents Sea westward into the Greenland Sea. These results indicate that assimilation is a useful tool for investigating synoptic events in the Arctic and may be useful for both climate studies and operational analyses

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