Ectomycorrhizal colonization on black spruce and jack pine seedlings outplanted in reforestation sites

1989 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. McAfee ◽  
J. A. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization

Container Volume Affects Survival and Growth of White Spruce, Black Spruce, and Jack Pine Seedlings: A Literature Review

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Craig Sutherland ◽  
Robert J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract This paper is the first general review of the affects of container volume on the survival and growth of containerized white spruce, black spruce, and jack pine seedlings. The review shows that the literature on this topic is fragmentary and inconsistent. Seedling growth in the greenhouse production phase has been more completely quantified than subsequent establishment and growth after out-planting in the field. In the greenhouse production phase, seedling growth increased from 72 to 360% when the container volume was tripled in size. After outplanting in the field, seedling growth trends were more variable. Seedling height growth increased from 34 to 84% when container volume was tripled in size. Seedling survival was more difficult to assess because of limited data. Only white spruce showed a 10% increase in survival with an increase in container volume. The indications from this literature review suggest that nursery managers and practicing foresters should become more aware of the limitations imposed on seedling survival and growth due to container volume. To maintain optional survival and growth for white spruce, black spruce and jack pine, the container volume should range from 90 to 120 cm3. North. J. Appl. For. 5:185-189, Sept. 1988.

scholarly journals Height growth of black spruce and jack pine seedlings in flooded flats

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
W. Stanek
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Water Height

Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings were grown in a green-house on peat-filled flats flooded with nutrient solution or distilled water. None was aerated. However, an O2 concentration gradient existed across the flats, 3.0 – 3.7 ppm along the edges, and 1.4 – 1.9 ppm in the centers. After 4½ months seedlings of both species grew taller with nutrient solution than with distilled water. In flats supplied with nutrient solution, seedlings of both species grew taller along the edges than in the centers, whereas in flats supplied with distilled water height differential did not develop. Jack pine grew taller than black spruce under similar conditions.

The influence of phosphorus concentration and frequency of fertilization on ectomycorrhizal development in containerized black spruce and jack pine seedlings

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1263-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H.R. Browning ◽  
Roy D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Weekly Treatment ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
P Fertilizer

The growth response of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings was tested in growth chambers at two levels of P, with or without inoculation of the mycorrhizal fungus Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton and with weekly or thrice-weekly fertilizer application. While keeping N and K constant, an increase of P from 1.5 to 7.2 mg per seedling severely reduced formation of L. bicolor ectomycorrhizae on both jack pine and black spruce 17 weeks after inoculation. Inoculation of black spruce with L. bicolor was more successful (75%) than inoculation of jack pine (35%). Inoculated black spruce seedlings were 34% taller and 44% heavier than uninoculated controls, but only at the low P level; they were also 39% heavier and had more abundant L. bicolor ectomycorrhizae (180% of the weekly treatment) when fertilized thrice weekly than with weekly fertilization that supplied the same total nutrients. Dry weights of jack pine inoculated with L. bicolor were 26 and 33% larger than those of uninoculated seedlings at high and low P levels, respectively. Fertilizing thrice weekly also produced 23% larger dry weights of jack pine, but fewer ectomycorrhizae were formed than with weekly fertilization (65% of the weekly value). The results indicate that inoculation of black spruce seedlings with L. bicolor will produce larger seedlings, but only where low P fertilizer is applied, preferably thrice weekly. Jack pine may benefit from artificial inoculation with L. bicolor, especially in a higher fertility growing medium.

scholarly journals Growth response and water relations of 3-year-old planted black spruce and jack pine seedlings in site prepared lichen woodlands

2006 ◽  
Vol 223 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Hébert ◽  
Jean-François Boucher ◽  
Pierre Y. Bernier ◽  
Daniel Lord
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

scholarly journals Influence of Manganese on Growth of Jack Pine and Black Spruce Seedlings

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
K. A. Armson
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Ppm Level ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Analyses of foliage from natural stands of jack pine and black spruce confirmed earlier observations that levels of Mn were much higher in foliage of black spruce than in that of jack pine. Levels of Fe in jack pine foliage were greater than in black spruce.In a growth chamber experiment with spruce and pine seedlings and Mn supplied at 0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ppm, both species grew best at the 0.1 ppm level and there was no evidence of difference in tolerance to high Mn levels. In this experiment, no marked species difference in foliar Mn concentrations was observed like that existing in natural stands. Possible reasons for this lack of difference are discussed.

Delayed emergence of four conifer species on postfire seedbeds in eastern Canada

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thomas ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Delayed Emergence ◽  
Dense Stand ◽  
Viable Seeds

This study compares the emergence of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.). Mill.) for three seasons after sowing on two postfire seedbeds to test the hypothesis that conifer species differ in their ability to store viable seeds in the soil. Less than 20% of all viable seeds produced emergent seedlings in the first growing season. Emergence continued in the second growing season but not in the third. No viable seeds of any species were found at the end of the experiment. During the second growing season (July 1), the emergence of jack pine was greatest at the warmer and drier site but at the cooler and moister site, large numbers of black spruce emerged; by the end of the second season jack pine seedlings predominated at both sites. Although this delayed emergence accounted for <3% of the viable jack pine seeds sown, this percentage would be sufficient to produce a dense stand given normal postfire seedfall rates. It is suggested that delayed emergence from the soil along with partial seed retention in tree crowns are strategies of jack pine and black spruce which increase the probability of establishment even if the immediate postfire conditions are particularly inhospitable.

Environmental and physiological control of needle conductance for bare-root black spruce, white spruce, and jack pine seedlings on boreal cutover sites

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Grossnickle ◽  
Terence J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Bare Root

A study was conducted to examine the influence of environmental conditions of boreal cutover sites on plant water status and needle conductance of newly planted bare-root black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings. As absolute humidity deficit between the needles and air (AHD) increased, xylem pressure potentials (ψx) became most negative in black spruce, intermediate in white spruce, and least negative in jack pine seedlings. Needle conductance (gwv) was strongly related to AHD in all three species, with increasing AHD resulting in a decrease in gwv. However, at low levels of AHD, gwv values for black and white spruce seedlings were approximately 50 and 25% higher, respectively, than those for jack pine seedlings. For black and white spruce seedlings, gwv decreased as ψx became more negative, while jack pine gwv responded to more negative ψx with a threshold for stomatal closure at approximately −1.7 MPa. In all three species, increasing photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) resulted in greater gwv at all AHD levels. However, at high AHD levels, gwv, response to PAR was suppressed. The findings of this study indicate species differences in physiological response to atmospheric conditions under nonlimiting soil moisture conditions. The implications for successful reforestation are discussed.

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