Chromatography of inorganic ions on cellulose phosphate layer in hydrochlorid acid and in acid ammonium thiocyanate media

1978 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shimizu ◽  
H. Kashima ◽  
K. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Phosphate Layer ◽  
Cellulose Phosphate

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy of Enzymes and Enzyme Complexes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Edstrom ◽  
Xiuru Yang ◽  
Mary E. Gurnack ◽  
Marcia A. Miller ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Metabolic Channeling ◽  
Simplistic Notion ◽  
Soluble Enzymes

Many of the questions in biochemistry and cell biology are concerned with the relationships of proteins and other macromolecules in complex arrays which are responsible for carrying out metabolic sequences. The simplistic notion that the enzymes we isolate in soluble form from the cytoplasm were also soluble in vivo is being replaced by the concept that these enzymes occur in organized systems within the cell. In this newer view, the cytoplasm is organized and the “soluble enzymes” are in fact fixed in the cellular space and the only soluble components of the cell are small metabolites, inorganic ions etc. Further support for the concept of metabolic organization is provided by the evidence of metabolic channeling. It has been shown that for some metabolic pathways, the intermediates are not in free diffusion equilibrium with the bulk liquid in the cell but are passed along, more or less directly, from one enzyme to the next.

Separation of Plasminogen Activators from Human Uterine Tissue and a Comparison with Activators from Human Urine and Porcine Tissue

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 718-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preben Kok
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Porcine Tissue ◽  
Major Activity ◽  
Proliferative Phase

SummaryThree types of plasminogen activator could be distinguished in extracts from human uterine tissue. The activators differed in thermostability or in mode of inhibition by EACA.All the extracts contained stable as well as labile activators. The saline extracts were uniformly inhibited by increasing concentrations of EACA. Extracts made with 2 M ammonium thiocyanate were either uniformly inhibited by EACA or showed deflections indicating contamination with an activator, which was inhibited in a biphasic manner. It was possible to distinguish between: (1) An activator, abundantly present in the tissue, which was uniformly inhibited and stable. (2) Another uniformly inhibited activator, which was labile. (3) An activator, inhibited in a biphasic manner, similar to urokinase, which was present in varying amounts in uteri with the endometrium in the proliferative phase.Gel filtration of the uterine extracts showed two major activity peaks corresponding to particle sizes of 60,000 dalton and about 10,000 dalton.Antiserum to purified plasminogen activator, prepared from porcine ovaries, inhibited the activity of the human uterine extracts, but not the activities of human urokinase or urine. Urokinase antiserum in a concentration completely inhibiting human urine or urokinase, inhibited only 10% or less of the activities of human uterine extracts.

IONIC EFFECTS ON THE UPTAKE OF CHLOROMERCURIBENZENE-p-SULPHONIC ACID BY PANCREATIC ISLETS

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Söderberg ◽  
Inge-Bert Täljedal
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Sulphydryl Groups ◽  
Microdissected Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Ionic Effects

ABSTRACT Effects of inorganic ions on the uptake of chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid (CMBS) were studied in microdissected pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob-mice. Na2SO4 stimulated the total islet cell uptake of CMBS but decreased the amount of CMBS remaining in islets after brief washing with L-cysteine. CaCl2 stimulated both the total and the cysteine-non-displaceable uptake; the stimulatory effect of CaCl2 on the cysteine-non-displaceable CMBS uptake was counteracted by Na2SO4. NaCl, KCl or choline chloride had no significant effect on the total islet cell uptake of CMBS, whereas LiCl was stimulatory. It is concluded that β-cells resemble erythrocytes in having a permeation path for CMBS that is inhibited by SO42−. By analogy with existing models of the erythrocyte membrane, it is suggested that the SO42−-sensitive path leads to sulphydryl groups controlling monovalent cationic permeability in β-cells.

The Effect of Metallic and Ionic Species on the Performance of a Biological Effluent Treatment System

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
B. Volesky ◽  
Q. Samak ◽  
P. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Abstract Review of the available results appearing in the recent literature is presented focusing particularly upon the effects of metallic ions such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, V, Zn, Ni and Co. Some original data involving the effects of Na are presented and discussed. Development of parameters used in evaluating the influence of toxic or inhibitory species on the mixed microbial population of an activated sludge system is of crucial importance and different techniques employed such as BOD-COD-TOC-removal rates, Oxygen Uptake Rate, and others are discussed, showing relative inadequacy of currently applied assays. From the data available, certain trends can be discerned. There is a definite threshold concentration for each metallic ion, depending on the organic load of the feed. In the order of increasing toxicity to activated sludge systems reflected in lower BOD removals the following metals have been listed as inhibiting factors at concentrations starting from 1 ppm applied on a continuous basis: hexavalent chromium, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, trivalent chromium, copper and nickel. Metals in combination have not been reported to exhibit any significantly different effects as compared to those observed with individually introduced metallic ions. Tolerance of some activated sludge systems to shock loadings by various inorganic ions and metals is reviewed. The conclusions are of particular importance for estimating the performance of biox systems handling industrial effluents which are likely to contain toxic components of inorganic or metallic nature.

A New Technique for the Enumeration of Rotaviruses in Wastewater Samples

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
S. A. Silva ◽  
A. M. Konig
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Rotaviruses are generally excreted in large numbers in diarrhoeal stools, but in wastewaters their numbers are subject to variations. Detection and enumeration of these viruses involve a concentration step followed by an assay method. Enumeration in wastewater concentrates is complicated by the presence of toxic substances which are often concentrated with the viruses. These toxic substances often cause the destruction of cells during rotavirus assay, thus leading to underestimation of viral numbers. Such concentrates were detoxified by a simple and effective method using polyacrylamide (Biogel P-6DG) or dextran (Sephadex G50) beads. Concentrates (10 ml) were mixed with 0.5 g gel and the mixtures were allowed to stand for 2 h at room temperature during which time the beads swell by the passage of water into them along with inorganic ions and substances with molecular weights of less than 30,000. The supernatants were then decontaminated with antibiotics and assayed for rotaviruses by the indirect immunofluorescent technique. Most untreated ultrafiltrates of raw sewage and those from anaerobic ponds were found to be too toxic to MA104 and LLC MK2 cells, whereas the above treatment rendered over 90% of wastewater concentrates non-toxic to cells. This technique was used to study virus removal in samples from deep waste stabilization ponds in northeast Brazil.

Conductometric measurements of interaction of albumin with inorganic ions

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 3457-3462
Author(s):  
V. Karpenko ◽  
V. Kalous ◽  
Z. Pavlíček
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Ions
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