Polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and the immune system. 4. Effects of multiple-dose treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations of a non-human primate (Callithrix jacchus)

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Neubert ◽  
Georg Golor ◽  
Ralf Stahlmann ◽  
Hans Helge ◽  
Diether Neubert
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Callithrix Jacchus ◽  
Peripheral Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Tetrachlorodibenzo P Dioxin ◽  
Human Primate

Changes in peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations following radiation therapy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Franco Campostrini ◽  
M Zorzi ◽  
G Capodaglio ◽  
E Guizzardi ◽  
E Nicolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Immune System ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Peripheral Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cancer Breast

128 Background: Since ionizing radiation can affect the immune system, in this research we sought to analyze the changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations (LS) in patients undergoing Radiation Therapy (RT). Methods: In 2015 we enrolled 58 patients, 97% with no systemic cancer (breast 47%, prostate 23%,head and neck 16%, abdomen-pelvis 11%, metastases 3%). The percentages of patients with lowered LS were determined prior to RT, and at different intervals in the patients’ history.The average dose of RT was 50Gy (+/-10 ) with 2 Gy/day fractions. Results: As baseline, total T lymphocytes, T helper, T suppressor, B lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells, were reduced vs. normal range in 24%, 33%, 24%, 59% and null of patients, respectively.A second blood sample was withdrawn after 14-58 days (mean 36) from starting RT, in which we found significantly increased the patients damaged up to 66%, 65%, 62%, 88% and 7% (p=< 0,0001 for each LS ). Compared with the nadir of LS depletion, at 44 (5-180) and 153 (43-130) days from the completion of RT, all the LS raised significantly, except for a weak value of T Helper category (p=0,0145 and 0,0226 respectively). Conclusions: After common RT regimens for solid tumors, all LS can be substantially impaired, and for the T Helper the recovery is particularly slow in the following months.

Changes in Peripheral Lymphocyte Subpopulations After Direct Moxibustion

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Yamashita ◽  
Yoshitoshi Ichiman ◽  
Yasuo Tanno
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Peripheral Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Control Session ◽  
Direct Moxibustion ◽  
Cell Percentage

We measured peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations after direct moxibustion using moxa cones the size of a half-rice grain. In humans at 2 hrs after the direct moxibustion, NK cell percentage decreased and CD4/CD8 ratio increased significantly. Although the same trends were observed in the control session, those changes were not statistically significant. In rabbits at 3 and 12 hrs after direct moxibustion, CD4/CD8 ratio significantly increased, and recovered at between 24 and 72 hrs after treatment. Similarly, the CD4/CD8 ratio significantly increased in the control session, but they seemed to have a shorter duration. Although it is not yet clear whether the effects are beneficial, we found that direct moxibustion influences the immune system at least transiently.

scholarly journals Neonatal Immune System Ontogeny: The Role of Maternal Microbiota and Associated Factors. How Might the Non-Human Primate Model Enlighten the Path?

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Natalia Nunez ◽  
Louis Réot ◽  
Elisabeth Menu
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Neonatal Immune System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Colonization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Primate

Interactions between the immune system and the microbiome play a crucial role on the human health. These interactions start in the prenatal period and are critical for the maturation of the immune system in newborns and infants. Several factors influence the composition of the infant’s microbiota and subsequently the development of the immune system. They include maternal infection, antibiotic treatment, environmental exposure, mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and food introduction. In this review, we focus on the ontogeny of the immune system and its association to microbial colonization from conception to food diversification. In this context, we give an overview of the mother–fetus interactions during pregnancy, the impact of the time of birth and the mode of delivery, the neonate gastrointestinal colonization and the role of breastfeeding, weaning, and food diversification. We further review the impact of the vaccination on the infant’s microbiota and the reciprocal case. Finally, we discuss several potential therapeutic interventions that might help to improve the newborn and infant’s health and their responses to vaccination. Throughout the review, we underline the main scientific questions that are left to be answered and how the non-human primate model could help enlighten the path.

scholarly journals Neonatal lymphocyte subpopulations analysis and maternal preterm premature rupture of membranes: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Amadi ◽  
Silvia Visentin ◽  
Francesca Tosato ◽  
Paola Fogar ◽  
Giulia Giacomini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Helper Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Preterm Premature Rupture ◽  
Helper Cells

Abstract Objectives Preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) causes preterm delivery, and increases maternal T-cell response against the fetus. Fetal inflammatory response prompts maturation of the newborn’s immunocompetent cells, and could be associated with unfavorable neonatal outcome. The aims were to examine the effects of pPROM (Mercer BM. Preterm premature rupture of the membranes: current approaches to evaluation and management. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am 2005;32:411) on the newborn’s and mother’s immune system and (Test G, Levy A, Wiznitzer A, Mazor M, Holcberg G, Zlotnik A, et al. Factors affecting the latency period in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011;283:707–10) to assess the predictive value of immune system changes in neonatal morbidity. Methods Mother-newborn pairs (18 mothers and 23 newborns) who experienced pPROM and controls (11 mothers and 14 newborns), were enrolled. Maternal and neonatal whole blood samples underwent flow cytometry to measure lymphocyte subpopulations. Results pPROM-newborns had fewer naïve CD4 T-cells, and more memory CD4 T-cells than control newborns. The effect was the same for increasing pPROM latency times before delivery. Gestational age and birth weight influenced maturation of the newborns’ lymphocyte subpopulations and white blood cells, notably cytotoxic T-cells, regulatory T-cells, T-helper cells (absolute count), and CD4/CD8 ratio. Among morbidities, fewer naïve CD8 T-cells were found in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (p=0.0009), and more T-helper cells in early onset sepsis (p=0.04). Conclusions pPROM prompts maturation of the newborn’s T-cell immune system secondary to antigenic stimulation, which correlates with pPROM latency. Maternal immunity to inflammatory conditions is associated with a decrease in non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic cells.

Efficacy of a Single Dose versus a Multiple Dose Regimen of Mebendazole against Hookworm Infections among School Children: a Randomized Open-label Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegegne Eshetu ◽  
Mulugeta Aemero ◽  
Ayalew Jejaw
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Dose Regimen ◽  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Multiple Dose Regimen ◽  
Hookworm Infections

Abstract Background: Despite the existence of a population-based control program using single dose albendazole or mebendazole as a preventive chemotherapy, hookworm transmission remains high. It causes a negative impact on the growth and school performance of children. In connection to this preventive chemotherapy, different studies produced conflicting results. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of single (500mg) versus multiple doses (100mg twice a day during three consecutive days) of mebendazole against hookworm infections among school-aged children. Methods: This randomized open-label clinical trial took place among school-aged children (6-14 years old) in Burie and Debre Elias towns, Northwest Ethiopia. Using simple randomization, eligible hookworm-positive children were allocated (1:1) to either a single or multiple dose treatment arms. Stool samples were collected and processed using McMaster method at baseline and follow-up period (14-21 days after treatment). Only laboratory technicians were blinded. The cure and egg reduction rates which were assessed after 14-21 days of treatment were the primary and secondary therapeutic outcome measures against hookworm infections, respectively. An independent t-test was used to compare group means, and logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR). P-value < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Result: 108 children, 54 in each treatment arm had completed baseline data and received allocated treatment. 103 children had completed follow-up data records and included for the final efficacy analysis. Cure rate against hookworm was significantly higher in the multiple dose (96.1%) than in the single dose (30.8%) with OR=55.125; 95% CI: 11.92-254.9; P < 0.001. The egg reduction rate in the multiple dose treatment arm (99.5%) was also significantly higher than in the single dose arm (68.9%) with difference t (101) =5.38; 95% CI 230.95-505.36; P < 0.001. Conclusion: The single dose regimen of mebendazole for the treatment of hookworm infections showed poor cure and egg reduction rates, while the multiple dose revealed satisfactory. Although multiple dose regimen administration is a bit more complex than the single dose, we strongly encourage replacing it with multiple dose regimen during deworming programs in hookworm endemic areas. Trial registration: This trial is registered in www.pactr.org, # PACTR201911466695052.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Sativex® in Dogs: Towards a Potential Cannabinoid-Based Therapy for Canine Disorders

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
María Fernández-Trapero ◽  
Carmen Pérez-Díaz ◽  
Francisco Espejo-Porras ◽  
Eva de Lago ◽  
Javier Fernández-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Sublingual Delivery ◽  
Progressive Accumulation

The phytocannabinoid-based medicine Sativex® is currently marketed for the treatment of spasticity and pain in multiple sclerosis patients and is being investigated for other central and peripheral pathological conditions. It may also serve in Veterinary Medicine for the treatment of domestic animals, in particular for dogs affected by different pathologies, including human-like pathological conditions. With the purpose of assessing different dosing paradigms for using Sativex in Veterinary Medicine, we investigated its pharmacokinetics when administered to naïve dogs via sublingual delivery. In the single dose arm of the study, adult Beagle dogs were treated with 3 consecutive sprays of Sativex, and blood samples were collected at 12 intervals up to 24 h later. In the multiple dose arm of the study, Beagle dogs received 3 sprays daily for 14 days, and blood samples were collected for 24 h post final dose. Blood was used to obtain plasma samples and to determine the levels of cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and its metabolite 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC. Maximal plasma concentrations of both Δ9-THC (Cmax = 18.5 ng/mL) and CBD (Cmax = 10.5 ng/mL) were achieved 2 h after administration in the single dose condition and at 1 h in the multiple dose treatment (Δ9-THC: Cmax = 24.5 ng/mL; CBD: Cmax = 15.2 ng/mL). 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC, which is mainly formed in the liver from Δ9-THC, was almost undetected, which is consistent with the use of sublingual delivery. A potential progressive accumulation of both CBD and Δ9-THC was detected following repeated exposure, with maximum plasma concentrations for both cannabinoids being achieved following multiple dose. Neurological status, body temperature, respiratory rate and some hemodynamic parameters were also recorded in both conditions, but in general, no changes were observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that single or multiple dose sublingual administration of Sativex to naïve dogs results in the expected pharmacokinetic profile, with maximal levels of phytocannabinoids detected at 1–2 h and suggested progressive accumulation after the multiple dose treatment.

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