scholarly journals Divided genomes and intrinsic noise

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pressing ◽  
D. C. Reanney
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Divided Genomes

scholarly journals End-to-End Image Simulator for Optical Imaging Systems: Equations and Simulation Examples

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Coppo ◽  
Leandro Chiarantini ◽  
Luciano Alparone
Keyword(s):  
Optical Design ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
End To End

The theoretical description of a simplified end-to-end software tool for simulation of data produced by optical instruments, starting from either synthetic or airborne hyperspectral data, is described and some simulation examples of hyperspectral and panchromatic images for existing and future design instruments are also reported. High spatial/spectral resolution images with low intrinsic noise and the sensor/mission specifications are used as inputs for the simulations. The examples reported in this paper show the capabilities of the tool for simulating target detection scenarios, data quality assessment with respect to classification performance and class discrimination, impact of optical design on image quality, and 3D modelling of optical performances. The simulator is conceived as a tool (during phase 0/A) for the specification and early development of new Earth observation optical instruments, whose compliance to user’s requirements is achieved through a process of cost/performance trade-off. The Selex Galileo simulator, as compared with other existing image simulators for phase C/D projects of space-borne instruments, implements all modules necessary for a complete panchromatic and hyper spectral image simulation, and it allows excellent flexibility and expandability for new integrated functions because of the adopted IDL-ENVI software environment.

Influence of intrinsic noise generated by a thermotesting device on thermal sensory detection and thermal pain detection thresholds

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pavlaković ◽  
K. Züchner ◽  
A. Zapf ◽  
C.G. Bachmann ◽  
B.M. Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Pain Detection

scholarly journals Intrinsic Noise Propagation in Two-Step Series Enzymatic Cascades

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 49a
Author(s):  
Venkata Dhananjaneyulu ◽  
P. Vidya Nanda Sagar ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Kumar ◽  
Ganesh A. Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Noise Propagation ◽  
Enzymatic Cascades

scholarly journals Investigating the Intrinsic Noise Limit of Dayem Bridge NanoSQUIDs

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Trupti Patel ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
John Gallop ◽  
David Cox ◽  
Karen Kirkby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Noise Limit

scholarly journals Intrinsic Noise and the Design of the Genetic Machinery

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Reanney ◽  
DG MacPhee ◽  
J Pressing
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Darwinian Theory ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Translational Mechanisms

Darwinian theory envisages 'selection pressure' as a stress imposed on the genotype by the environment. However, noise in the replicative and translational mechanisms in itself imposes a significant 'pressure' on the adaptive fitness of the organism. We propose that the biosphere has been shaped by both extrinsic (environmental) and intrinsic (noise-generated) factors. Because noise has been a remorseless and ever-present background to the evolutionary process, adaptations to this intrinsic pressure include not only a variety of familiar genetic mechanisms but also many anatomical and life-style characteristics that focus on the transmission of information between generations.

scholarly journals Quasi-synchronous thermocompensation for ISFET-based ionometric devices. Part 1: Theory and simulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
O. S. Pavluchenko ◽  
О. L. Kukla
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Transducer Output ◽  
In Vivo Analysis

Solid-state ion selective transducers, as an alternative to the traditional liquid electrolyte-filled glass electrodes, are known for over four decades now, and find their use in various areas of industry and applied science, such as in vivo analysis of the ions activity in biological and medical research, monitoring of toxic and aggressive environments, and biosensors design. However, along with potential advantages — short response time, small size, chemical inertness and durability — solid-state devices also possess certain inherent drawbacks — namely intrinsic noise, drift and instability of sensing properties, and cross-sensitivity to various interfering environmental conditions — that inhibit their widespread acceptance. Further improvement of the fabrication technology and methodology of application of these devices is thus still an important practical task even today. This paper is a first part of the two-part work dedicated to the problem of compensating the temperature dependence of a solid-state ion selective transducer output. Specifically, presented work considers the possibility of using ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFET) that serve as primary transducers in an ionometric device, as temperature sensors. This allows compensating the temperature dependence of ionometric signal without substantial complication of the ionometer structure, and eliminates the need to include a separate thermometric channel as part of the instrument. Ionometric and thermometric channels are combined into a unified measuring path, with the sensor functions separated in time. The ISFET operation modes are switched by changing polarity of the bias voltage, and thus direction of the current flowing through the sensor. The authors propose a corresponding secondary transducer structure and simplified schematic illustrating the implementation of its key components. The concept’s applicability is supported by the circuit simulation results. Some aspects of the practical implementation of the proposed concept will be presented further in the upcoming second part of the paper.

scholarly journals Denoising of Medical Ultrasound Images using Wavelet Transform with Bilateral Filter

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8113-8116
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Bilateral Filter ◽  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Speckle Noise ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Medical Ultrasound ◽  
Edge Preservation ◽  
Neighborhood Relationship ◽  
Speckle Filtering

Medical image degradation contains a significant impact on image quality and therefore affects the human interpretation and also the accuracy of computer assisted diagnostics techniques, unfortunately ultrasound images are principally degraded by an intrinsic noise known as speckle noise. Therefore, de- speckle filtering may be pre-processing step in medical ultrasound images. During this paper we propose a new image de-noising technique is the combination of bilateral filter and wavelet transform. The main contribution of this paper is within the use of a new neighborhood relationship to develop a new multi-scale bilateral filter. Experimental outcomes validate the usefulness and also the correctness of the proposed filter in edge preservation and speckle noise reduction for medical ultrasound images.

Intrinsic Noise from Neighboring Bases in the DNA Transverse Tunneling Current

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose R. Alvarez ◽  
Dmitry Skachkov ◽  
Steven E. Massey ◽  
Junqiang Lu ◽  
Alan Kalitsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tunneling Current ◽  
Intrinsic Noise

Intrinsic noise variation in an amplifier based on a heterojunction bipolar transistor amplifier in nonlinear mode

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (13) ◽  
pp. 1541-1544
Author(s):  
A. M. Bobreshov ◽  
L. I. Averina ◽  
A. V. Khripushin ◽  
D. A. Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Bipolar Transistor ◽  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor ◽  
Transistor Amplifier ◽  
Nonlinear Mode

scholarly journals Dynamic Sensitivity and Noise Floor of a Bonded Magneto(Elasto)Electric Laminate for Low Frequency Magnetic Field Sensing under Strain Modulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhuang ◽  
Marc Lam Chok Sing ◽  
Christophe Dolabdjian ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
P. Finkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Noise Performance ◽  
Noise Floor ◽  
Frequency Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Sensing ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensing

The intermediated strain can convert a magnetic field to an electric output signal in a magnetostrictive-piezoelectric layered composite via three parameters: the magnetoelastic coupling, the piezoelastic coupling and the mechanical impedance. These three parameters are dominated respectively by the magnetostrictive coefficient, the piezoelectric coefficient and the mean flexibility of material in the composite. Focusing on these three parameters, many investigations on the ME enhancement have been carried out by choosing the correct material or by adjusting the ratio between the two phases in the composite [4]. Thereafter, the noise performance of ME laminates has been studied for applications as a magnetic sensor. In the last several years, the intrinsic noise sources for both the composite and the amplifier circuit have been mathematically modeled and experimentally characterized. The passively sensed signal can be amplified by either a voltage or a charge method. Furthermore, the noise contributions from the detection electronics were also integrated in the noise performance analysis [5]. According to these studies, dielectric dissipation in the piezoelectric phase is the main contribution to the noise floor for low-frequency magnetic field sensing even though the equivalent current noise source from the electronics induce fluctuations in the output signal of the low-frequency charge detection as well [6].

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