Combined effects of buprenorphine and a nondrug alternative reinforcer on IV cocaine self-administration in rats maintained under FR schedules

1996 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Comer ◽  
S. T. Lac ◽  
C. L. Wyvell ◽  
M. E. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Combined Effects ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Alternative Reinforcer

Combined effects of buprenorphine and an alternative nondrug reinforcer on phencyclidine self-administration in rhesus monkeys.

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce M. Rawleigh ◽  
Joshua S. Rodefer ◽  
Jeffrey J. Hansen ◽  
Marilyn E. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Self Administration

Buprenorphine and nondrug reinforcers: combined effects on drug self-administration

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Joyce M. Rawleigh ◽  
Joshua S. Rodefer ◽  
Sandra D. Comer ◽  
Sylvie T. Lac ◽  
Laura K. Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Effects ◽  
Self Administration

Effects of an alternative reinforcer on intravenous heroin self-administration by humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 345 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra D Comer ◽  
Eric D Collins ◽  
Scott T Wilson ◽  
Michael R Donovan ◽  
Richard W Foltin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Administration ◽  
Alternative Reinforcer

Influence of an alternative reinforcer on human cocaine self-administration

Life Sciences ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Higgins ◽  
Warren K. Bickel ◽  
John R. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Self Administration ◽  
Alternative Reinforcer

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

Collection of Ego-Centered Network Data with Computer-Assisted Interviews

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Gerich ◽  
Roland Lehner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Full Network

Although ego-centered network data provide information that is limited in various ways as compared with full network data, an ego-centered design can be used without the need for a priori and researcher-defined network borders. Moreover, ego-centered network data can be obtained with traditional survey methods. However, due to the dynamic structure of the questionnaires involved, a great effort is required on the part of either respondents (with self-administration) or interviewers (with face-to-face interviews). As an alternative, we will show the advantages of using CASI (computer-assisted self-administered interview) methods for the collection of ego-centered network data as applied in a study on the role of social networks in substance use among college students.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document