The relative influence of urban climates on outdoor human energy budgets and skin temperature II. Man in an urban environment

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Burt ◽  
P. A. O'Rourke ◽  
W. H. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Human Energy

On the Environmental Sustainability of Building Integrated Solar Technologies in a Coastal City

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lebassi ◽  
J. E. González ◽  
R. D. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Heat Islands

In this study, a first-order environmental impact study of a large-scale deployment of solar energy-installed technologies in a complex coastal urban environment is conducted. The work is motivated by the positive prospects of building-integrated solar technologies as a sustainable alternative to energy demands and reduction of green house gases. Large-scale deployment of solar technologies in rooftops of densely populated cities may have the potential of modifying surface energy budgets resulting in cooling or heating of the urban environment. To investigate this case, a mesoscale simulation (regional atmospheric simulation system (RAMS)) effort was undertaken, with a horizontal grid resolution of 4 km on an innermost grid over Southern California (South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB)). The simulation period was selected in summer 2002 where strong urban heat islands (UHIs) were observed for the region. The urban landscape was modified to represent a percentage of the rooftops with optical and thermal properties corresponding to solar PV and thermal collectors. Results show that the large-scale presence of solar technologies in rooftops of SoCAB may have a net positive thermal storage of the buildings, an effect enhancing the existing UHI by up to 0.2 °C. This additional heat is advected inland as the sea breeze develops warming further inland areas. The net environmental effect of solar technologies when compared with solar energy production was not investigated in this study.

scholarly journals Human Energy Budget Modeling in Urban Parks in Toronto and Applications to Emergency Heat Stress Preparedness

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1639-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Vanos ◽  
Jon S. Warland ◽  
Terry J. Gillespie ◽  
Graham A. Slater ◽  
Robert D. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Energy

AbstractThe current study tests applications of the Comfort Formula (COMFA) energy budget model by assessing the moderating effects of urban parks in contrast to streets, and it also looks at the influence of park types (“open” or “treed”). Exploration into energy budget modeling is based on empirical meteorological data collected in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on fair-weather days plus the effects of a heat wave and climate change, at various metabolic activity levels. Park cooling temperature intensities ranged from 3.9° to 6.0°C, yet human energy budgets were more closely correlated to incoming solar radiation than to air temperature. A strong linear dependence was found, with absorbed radiation (correlation coefficient squared r2 = 0.858) explaining the largest fraction of energy budget output. Hence, although the four parks that were examined are classified as urban green space, the distinctive treed areas showed a greater budget decrease than did open park areas (−25.5 W m−2). The greatest difference in budget decrease was found when modeling the highest metabolic rate, giving −20 W m−2 for “whole park,” −32 W m−2 for treed sections, and −3 W m−2 in open park areas. These results are intuitive within energy budget modeling and indicate that blocking radiant energy is a vital aspect in lowering high budgets under the conditions tested. Strong empirical support was provided through successful prediction of emergency-response calls during a heat wave in Toronto (5–7 July 2010) and surrounding days. Calls were found to be significantly dependent on the energy budget estimations (r2 = 0.860). There is great potential for outdoor energy budget modeling as a meaningful guide to heat stress forecasting, future research, and application in bioclimatic urban design for improving thermal comfort.

On the Environmental Sustainability of Solar Technologies in a Coastal City

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lebassi ◽  
J. E. Gonza´lez ◽  
R. D. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Solar Pv

In this study, a first order environmental impact study of a large scale deployment of solar energy installed technologies in complex coastal urban environment is conducted. The work is motivated by the positive prospects of building integrated solar technologies as a sustainable alternative to energy demands and reduction of green house gases. Large scale deployment of solar technologies in rooftops of densely populated cities may have the potential of modifying surface energy budgets resulting in cooling or heating of the urban environment. To investigate this case the meso-scale model, Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) is used, with a horizontal grid resolution of 4 km on an innermost grid over South Coast Air Basin (SocAB) region of Southern California. The simulation took place in summer 2002 where strong urban heat islands (UHIs) were observed for the region. The urban landscape was modified to represent a percentage of the rooftops with optical properties corresponding to solar PV and thermal collectors. Results show that the large scale presence of solar technologies in rooftops of SoCAB may have a net positive thermal storage effect enhancing the existing UHI by up to 0.3°F. This additional heat is advected inland as the sea-breeze develops warming further inland areas. The net environmental effect of solar technologies when compared with solar energy production was not investigated in this study.

Skin Temperature Guides Cellulitis Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
M. ALEXANDER OTTO
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature
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