Pooled energy budgets: Resituating human energy -allocation trade-offs

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Kramer ◽  
Peter T. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Human Energy

scholarly journals The energy allocation trade-offs underlying life history traits in hypometabolic strepsirhines and other primates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Simmen ◽  
Luca Morino ◽  
Stéphane Blanc ◽  
Cécile Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Interbirth Interval ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractLife history, brain size and energy expenditure scale with body mass in mammals but there is little conclusive evidence for a correlated evolution between life history and energy expenditure (either basal/resting or daily) independent of body mass. We addressed this question by examining the relationship between primate free-living daily energy expenditure (DEE) measured by doubly labeled water method (n = 18 species), life history variables (maximum lifespan, gestation and lactation duration, interbirth interval, litter mass, age at first reproduction), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and brain size. We also analyzed whether the hypometabolic primates of Madagascar (lemurs) make distinct energy allocation tradeoffs compared to other primates (monkeys and apes) with different life history traits and ecological constraints. None of the life-history traits correlated with DEE after controlling for body mass and phylogeny. In contrast, a regression model showed that DEE increased with increasing RMR and decreasing reproductive output (i.e., litter mass/interbirth interval) independent of body mass. Despite their low RMR and smaller brains, lemurs had an average DEE remarkably similar to that of haplorhines. The data suggest that lemurs have evolved energy strategies that maximize energy investment to survive in the unusually harsh and unpredictable environments of Madagascar at the expense of reproduction.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of energy allocation reveals selective pressure promoting risk-taking behaviour in young fish cohorts

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1571) ◽  
pp. 1443-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Biro ◽  
John R Post ◽  
Mark V Abrahams
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Risk Of Predation

Given limited food, prey fishes in a temperate climate must take risks to acquire sufficient reserves for winter and/or to outgrow vulnerability to predation. However, how can we distinguish which selective pressure promotes risk-taking when larger body size is always beneficial? To address this question, we examined patterns of energy allocation in populations of age-0 trout to determine if greater risk-taking corresponds with energy allocation to lipids or to somatic growth. Trout achieved maximum growth rates in all lakes and allocated nearly all of their acquired energy to somatic growth when small in early summer. However, trout in low-food lakes took greater risks to achieve this maximal growth, and therefore incurred high mortality. By late summer, age-0 trout allocated considerable energy to lipids and used previously risky habitats in all lakes. These results indicate that: (i) the size-dependent risk of predation (which is independent of behaviour) promotes risk-taking behaviour of age-0 trout to increase growth and minimize time spent in vulnerable sizes; and (ii) the physiology of energy allocation and behaviour interact to mediate growth/mortality trade-offs for young animals at risk of predation and starvation.

scholarly journals Trade-offs in Energy Allocation During Lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORDON L. ROGOWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Integrated Application of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveals the Energy Allocation-Mediated Mechanisms of Growth-Defense Trade-Offs in Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaogang Wang ◽  
Ao Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Rihao Cong ◽  
Luping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Crassostrea Angulata

Understanding the genetic basis of trait variations and their coordination between relative species or populations distributing in different environmental conditions is important in evolutionary biology. In marine ectotherms, growth-defense trade-offs are a common ecological and evolutionary phenomenon. However, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that govern these trade-offs in marine ectotherms in the evolutionary perspective remain poorly investigated. Oysters are among the most important species in global aquaculture. Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas) and Crassostrea angulata (C. angulata) are two allopatric congeneric dominant oyster species that inhabit the northern and southern intertidal areas of China. Wild C. gigas and C. angulata were spawned, and their F1 progeny were cultured in the same sites to reduce the environmental effects. Untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics, together with phenotypic parameters including morphological traits (growth performance), nutritional content (glycogen, crude fat, and fatty acid content), physiology (normalized oxygen consumption rate and total antioxidant capacity) were applied to assess metabolic and transcript divergences between C. gigas and C. angulata. Integrated analyses of metabolites and transcriptomes showed that C. gigas allocated more energy to storage and defense by suppressing glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and by upregulating fatty acid synthesis, antioxidant gene expression, and related metabolites. The metabolic and transcript results were further confirmed by the phenotypic data that C. gigas has higher glycogen and crude fat content and fatty acid unsaturation and stronger antioxidant capacity than C. angulata. In contrast, C. angulata exhibited better growth performance and a higher oxygen consumption rate. These findings suggest that C. angulata allocates more energy to growth, which is embodied in its stronger aerobic capacity and higher levels of protein synthesis genes, metabolites, and growth-related biomarkers. This study will help to enlighten the evolutionary patterns and genetic basis of growth-defense trade-offs in marine ectotherms and the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying energy allocation. Also, the key genes and metabolites of glycogen and fatty acids pathway identified in this study will be applied for meat quality improvement in the oyster industry.

scholarly journals Variation in harbour porpoise activity in response to seismic survey noise

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 20131090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Pirotta ◽  
Kate L. Brookes ◽  
Isla M. Graham ◽  
Paul M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Noise Measurements ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
The Cost

Animals exposed to anthropogenic disturbance make trade-offs between perceived risk and the cost of leaving disturbed areas. Impact assessments tend to focus on overt behavioural responses leading to displacement, but trade-offs may also impact individual energy budgets through reduced foraging performance. Previous studies found no evidence for broad-scale displacement of harbour porpoises exposed to impulse noise from a 10 day two-dimensional seismic survey. Here, we used an array of passive acoustic loggers coupled with calibrated noise measurements to test whether the seismic survey influenced the activity patterns of porpoises remaining in the area. We showed that the probability of recording a buzz declined by 15% in the ensonified area and was positively related to distance from the source vessel. We also estimated received levels at the hydrophones and characterized the noise response curve. Our results demonstrate how environmental impact assessments can be developed to assess more subtle effects of noise disturbance on activity patterns and foraging efficiency.

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