Transmission of a flight reaction amongst a school of fish and the underlying sensory mechanisms

1956 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Verheijen
Keyword(s):  
Flight Reaction ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

TONIC ACTIVITY AND GRAVITATIONAL CONTROL OF THE POSTURAL MUSCLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
B.S. Shenkman ◽  
◽  
T.M. Mirzoev ◽  
I.B. Kozlovskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Tonic Activity ◽  
Postural Muscle ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Tonic System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Almost Continuous ◽  
Fundamental Conclusion ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

The review is an attempt to describe and give a meaning to the accumulated data about the mechanisms controlling the structure and functionality of the postural muscle the almost continuous work of which makes it possible for the humans and animals to exist actively on Earth's surface. A great bulk of these data was obtained, described and systematized by professor I.B. Kozlovskaya and her pupils. A body of the most interesting facts and regularities was documented in other laboratories and research centers, quite often under the influence of ideas suggested by I.B. Kozlovskaya. The concept of the tonic system, that is, an integral physiological apparatus comprising not only slow and fast muscular fibers and small controlling motoneurons but also a complex of the brain (up to and including the striatum and motor cortex) and sensory mechanisms, constitutes the most important parts of her theoretical legacy. The fundamental conclusion of this review is that the gravity-dependent tonic contracting activity of the postural muscle controlled by the nervous system and afferent mechanisms is key to maintaining its structure, signal pathways and mechanic properties crucial for its constant anti-gravity activity.

Motor and sensory mechanisms of feeding inPleurobranchaea

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Lee ◽  
Richard J. Liegeois
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Mechanisms

Olfactory Stimuli and Oviposition in the Blowfly, Phormia Regina Meigen

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-615
Author(s):  
D. I. WALLIS
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Egg Distribution ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

1. The work described attempts to elucidate the sensory mechanisms involved in the act of oviposition. 2. A brief account of the morphology of the ovipositor and the distribution of the various sensilla on it is given. 3. Behavioural experiments have shown unequivocally that receptors on the anal leaflets of the ovipositor are olfactory and can mediate oviposition. Flies are able to discriminate when antennal, palp and labellar receptors are blocked, but not when the ovipositor pegs are waxed over as well. A method for waxing the latter is described. 4. Sensilla on the antennae, labellum and ovipositor perceive the olfactory stimuli which are important in inducing oviposition. Possibly there are olfactory receptors at other sites which mediate other types of behaviour. 5. Tactile stimuli perceived mainly through sensilla on the ovipositor can play an important role in egg distribution and a minor role, possibly, in inducing oviposition. 6. All the evidence suggests the pegs are the olfactory receptors on the ovipositor which mediate oviposition. 7. A summary of factors known or suspected to influence oviposition is given.

scholarly journals The organisation and functions of local Ca2+ signals

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 2213-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin D. Bootman ◽  
Peter Lipp ◽  
Michael J. Berridge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Intracellular Messenger ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger, controlling a diverse range of cellular processes, such as gene transcription, muscle contraction and cell proliferation. The ability of a simple ion such as Ca2+ to play a pivotal role in cell biology results from the facility that cells have to shape Ca2+ signals in space, time and amplitude. To generate and interpret the variety of observed Ca2+ signals, different cell types employ components selected from a Ca2+ signalling ‘toolkit’, which comprises an array of homeostatic and sensory mechanisms. By mixing and matching components from the toolkit, cells can obtain Ca2+ signals that suit their physiology. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of local Ca2+ signals in defining the specificity of the interaction of Ca2+ with its targets. Furthermore, local Ca2+ signals are the triggers and building blocks for larger global signals that propagate throughout cells.

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