Anomalous changes in the plasma antidiuretic activity of hydrated dogs after the cessation of intravenous infusion of arginine vasopressin

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1108-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pliška ◽  
J. Heller ◽  
P. S. Tata
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Antidiuretic Activity

Sodium deprivation blunts hypovolemia-induced pituitary secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin in rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. R1336-R1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Stricker ◽  
A. M. Schreihofer ◽  
J. G. Verbalis
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Specific Inhibition ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Pituitary Secretion ◽  
Glycol Solution

The present investigations determined the effects of dietary sodium deprivation on the neurohypophysial secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) by rats in response to nonhypotensive hypovolemia induced by subcutaneous injection of 30% polyethylene glycol solution. In rats fed either standard sodium-rich laboratory chow or sodium-deficient diet for 8 days, AVP secretion increased gradually in proportion to plasma volume deficits up to 22-28% while pituitary secretion of OT was not stimulated. However, when hypovolemia was more pronounced, secretion of both hormones was marked in rats fed standard chow, whereas rats fed sodium-deficient diet were significantly less responsive. These effects did not reflect a general insensitivity of the neurohypophysial system because sodium-deprived and chow-fed rats secreted AVP and OT equivalently in response to intravenous infusion of 1.5 M NaCl solution. Nor did they reflect a general insensitivity to hypovolemia because sodium-deprived rats drank substantial, above-normal volumes of water after colloid treatment. Instead, the results appear to reflect a specific inhibition of stimulatory baroreceptor inputs to AVP and OT neurons during dietary sodium deprivation in rats.

Pituitary-adrenal function in the immature ovine foetus

1995 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C McFarlane ◽  
S Potocnik ◽  
M Towstoless ◽  
K Moritz ◽  
E M Wintour
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Abstract Pituitary-adrenal responses to intravenous infusion of ovine corticotrophin-releasing hormone (oCRH) or arginine vasopressin (AVP) and to haemorrhage were examined in the ovine foetus prior to 90 days of gestation (term 145–150 days). In chronically cannulated foetuses (n=8), between 74 and 84 days of gestation, basal ACTH levels were less than 20 pg/ml while cortisol levels were 6·5 ± 1·5 nmol/l (mean±s.e m.). Intravenous infusion of oCRH (1 μg/h for 60 min) or AVP (1 μg/h for 60 min) significantly increased ACTH (P<0·05 for both treatments) and cortisol (P<0·01 for both treatments) levels, although the response to both hormones was modest. In acutely studied foetuses of a similar age (70–90 days of gestation, mean 82·0 ± 1·4 days, n=7), exteriorization and progressive haemorrhage significantly (P<0·05) elevated ACTH levels from 117·4 ± 32·1 pg/ml to a maximal value of 329·2 ± 112·8 pg/ml, the maximal ACTH response corresponding to the removal of a volume of blood equivalent to 6·6 ±1·2% of the pre-haemorrhage body weight. The present study has demonstrated that the ovine foetal pituitary, in vivo, is responsive to exogenous and endogenous stimuli by mid-gestation and, at this age, although basal cortisol levels are low, the foetal adrenal is capable of responding to elevated ACTH levels in the short term. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 145, 455–460

Reduced osmotic and nonosmotic release of vasopressin after meclofenamate in the conscious dog

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (6) ◽  
pp. R1028-R1033
Author(s):  
B. R. Walker ◽  
A. L. Erickson ◽  
P. E. Arnold ◽  
T. J. Burke ◽  
T. Berl
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Synthesis Inhibition ◽  
Conscious Dog ◽  
Osmotic Stimulus ◽  
Saline Vehicle

Both in vivo as well as in vitro experiments suggest that prostaglandins (PG) may influence arginine vasopressin (AVP) release. Recent studies on conscious dogs have shown that cyclooxygenase inhibition with meclofenamate reduces basal AVP release as well as AVP release in response to hypoxia. The current experiments were performed in order to test whether PG synthesis inhibition affects osmotic- and nonosmotic-stimulated AVP release in a similar manner. Osmotic AVP release was tested by slowly infusing hypertonic saline intravenously in water-diuresing dogs and serially sampling plasma for AVP concentration. Experiments were performed both with and without meclofenamate (2 mg/kg and 2 mg X kg-1 X h-1 iv) pretreatment. AVP release to a comparable osmotic stimulus was greatly reduced after meclofenamate administration. Nonosmotic AVP release was tested by inducing systemic hypotension with an intravenous infusion of nitroprusside. Hypotension was associated with an increase in AVP concentration, which was partially blunted after meclofenamate administration. Experiments performed with only a saline vehicle administered showed no decrease in AVP release in response to comparable hypotension. The findings of these studies suggest that endogenous PG may be involved in both osmotic and nonosmotic AVP release in the conscious dog.

FAILURE OF INFUSION OF PROSTAGLANDIN A2 TO RESTORE THE RESPONSE TO ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE IN RATS WITH POLYURIA INDUCED BY LITHIUM

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
STEN CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Prostaglandin A2

Male Wistar rats were fed a lithium diet for 2–3 months producing marked polyuria (> 75 ml/100 g in 24 h) and a plasma Li concentration of 0·7 mmol/l. In acute experiments animals were anaesthetized with 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylpropyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid and infused with hypotonic glucose–saline (15 ml/h). Addition of prostaglandin A2 (PGA2; 0·2 ng/min) for 180 min to the infusate did not restore the impaired antidiuretic response to arginine-vasopressin (AVP) whether this agent was infused continuously (150 μu./min) or given as bolus injections (2500 μu.). In long-term experiments animals were kept in metabolism cages and Alzet osmotic minipumps were implanted for intravenous infusion of drugs at 1 μl/h. Again, PGA2 infusion at 0·2 ng/min failed to restore the impaired antidiuretic response to AVP (150 μu./min). It was therefore concluded that in rats with severe polyuria induced by long-term administration of lithium, infusion of PGA2 at 0·2 ng/min cannot restore the impaired response to antidiuretic hormone as has been reported by others.

scholarly journals A DENSIMETRIC METHOD FOR ASSAY OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

1957 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels A. Thorn
Keyword(s):  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Antidiuretic Activity ◽  
Reproducible Method

A sensitive and reproducible method for assay of antidiuretic activity, described in this paper, yielded accurate measurements in the range 60 to 540 micropressor units of pitressin, corresponding to about 15 to 130 micropressor units of arginine-vasopressin. The method differs from previous techniques mainly in using urine density, rather than urinary flow rates, as the index of response.

Angiotensin II-stimulated secretion of arginine vasopressin is inhibited by atrial natriuretic peptide in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (3) ◽  
pp. R624-R629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyoshi Matsukawa ◽  
Takenori Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

We investigated the effect of the intravenous infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the response of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels to intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) in healthy individuals. Intravenous infusion of ANP (10 ng·kg−1·min−1) slightly but significantly decreased plasma AVP levels, while intravenous infusion of ANG II (10 ng·kg−1·min−1) resulted in slightly increased plasma AVP levels. ANG II infused significant elevations in arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure (CVP). Because the elevation in blood pressure could have potentially inhibited AVP secretion via baroreceptor reflexes, the effect of ANG II on blood pressure was attenuated by the simultaneous infusion of nitroprusside. ANG II alone produced a remarkable increase in plasma AVP levels when infused with nitroprusside, whereas the simultaneous ANP intravenous infusion (10 ng·kg−1·min−1) abolished the increase in plasma AVP levels induced by ANG II when blood pressure elevation was attenuated by nitroprusside. Thus, ANG II increased AVP secretion and ANP inhibited not only basal AVP secretion but also ANG II-stimulated AVP secretion in humans. These findings support the hypothesis that circulating ANP modulates AVP secretion, in part, by antagonizing the action of circulating ANG II.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE ANTIDIURETIC SUBSTANCE IN HUMAN URINE

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (IV) ◽  
pp. 568-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick S. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Water System ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
List Type ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Antidiuretic Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid Water

ABSTRACT 1. The urine of human subjects voided after smoking has been extracted by a method employing adsorption on zinc ferrocyanide and the extracts tested for the antidiuretic activity of arginine vasopressin by the intravenous assay method of Jeffers et al. with modifications by Dicker. 2. Smokers' urine extracts had an antidiuretic activity of approximately 100 mU of arginine vasopressin per litre of urine. 3. The pattern of the antidiuretic response of the urine extracts with regards to the dose-response relationship and duration of action was identical with that elicited by the U. S. P. reference standard of arginine vasopressin. 4. Upon paper chromatography by the descending method with the butanol-acetic acid-water system, the urine extract showed an Rf value identical to that of another sample of arginine vasopressin. 5. The antidiuretic substance excreted in human smokers' urine is arginine vasopressin, the hormone from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

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