On the mutual effects between the plant growth and the change of reaction of the nutrient solution with ammonia salts as the source of nitrogen

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1927 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-260 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution

scholarly journals The Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Mineral Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Tetragonia decumbens Mill.: An Underutilized Edible Halophyte in South Africa

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Avela Sogoni ◽  
Muhali Jimoh ◽  
Learnmore Kambizi ◽  
Charles Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
The Impact

Climate change, expanding soil salinization, and the developing shortages of freshwater have negatively affected crop production around the world. Seawater and salinized lands represent potentially cultivable areas for edible salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress on plant growth, mineral composition (macro-and micro-nutrients), and antioxidant activity in dune spinach (Tetragonia decumbens) were evaluated. The treatments consisted of three salt concentrations, 50, 100, and 200 mM, produced by adding NaCl to the nutrient solution. The control treatment had no NaCl but was sustained and irrigated by the nutrient solution. Results revealed a significant increase in total yield, branch production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in plants irrigated with nutrient solution incorporated with 50 mM NaCl. Conversely, an increased level of salinity (200 mM) caused a decrease in chlorophyll content (SPAD), while the phenolic content, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium, increased. The results of this study indicate that there is potential for brackish water cultivation of dune spinach for consumption, especially in provinces experiencing the adverse effect of drought and salinity, where seawater or underground saline water could be diluted and used as irrigation water in the production of this vegetable.

Effects of Nitric Oxide Application on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Pepper Plants under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-853
Author(s):  
Fikret YAŞAR ◽  
Özlem ÜZAL
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the messenger molecule Nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidative enzyme (SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; CAT: Catalase; APX: Ascorbate Peroxidase) activities in some metabolic changes that occur under the effect of drought stress in plants, to determine the possible roles of Nitric Oxide and to obtain complementary information. The experiment conducted in a controlled environment, and plant were cultured in containers containing Hoagland nutrient solution. For drought stress application, 10% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) was added to the nutrient solution, which is equivalent to -0.40 MPa osmotic potential. Before the drought stress is applied, pepper seedlings of Demre cv were pre-treated with different doses of Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) and Carboxy-PTIO (potassium salt) (cPTIO) (SNP 0.01, SNP 1, SNP 100 and SNP 0.01 + cPTIO, SNP + cPTIO, SNP 100+ cPTIO). On the 10th day of the drought application, the growth parameters of the plants; the plant fresh weights and their Antioxidative Enzyme Activities (SOD, CAT, APX) were determined. In terms of plant growth parameters, both plant growth and antioxidant anzyme activities of plants pretreated with 0.01 and 1 doses of SNP were lower than the high dose of SNP and the PEG application without pretreatment. The reason for the low enzyme activities in these applications can be attributed to factors such as the excess accumulation of organic acids such as proline in the cells of the plants and the decrease in H2O2 and O-2 levels in the presence of SNP.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Control Systems in Agriculture Using Intelligent Sensor Techniques: A Review of the Aeroponic System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ali Lakhiar ◽  
Gao Jianmin ◽  
Tabinda Naz Syed ◽  
Farman Ali Chandio ◽  
Noman Ali Buttar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Fault Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

In recent years, intelligent sensor techniques have achieved significant attention in agriculture. It is applied in agriculture to plan the several activities and missions properly by utilising limited resources with minor human interference. Currently, plant cultivation using new agriculture methods is very popular among the growers. However, the aeroponics is one of the methods of modern agriculture, which is commonly practiced around the world. In the system, plant cultivates under complete control conditions in the growth chamber by providing a small mist of the nutrient solution in replacement of the soil. The nutrient mist is ejected through atomization nozzles on a periodical basis. During the plant cultivation, several steps including temperature, humidity, light intensity, water nutrient solution level, pH and EC value, CO2concentration, atomization time, and atomization interval time require proper attention for flourishing plant growth. Therefore, the object of this review study was to provide significant knowledge about early fault detection and diagnosis in aeroponics using intelligent techniques (wireless sensors). So, the farmer could monitor several paraments without using laboratory instruments, and the farmer could control the entire system remotely. Moreover, the technique also provides a wide range of information which could be essential for plant researchers and provides a greater understanding of how the key parameters of aeroponics correlate with plant growth in the system. It offers full control of the system, not by constant manual attention from the operator but to a large extent by wireless sensors. Furthermore, the adoption of the intelligent techniques in the aeroponic system could reduce the concept of the usefulness of the system due to complicated manually monitoring and controlling process.

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION, PLANT GROWTH AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SOILLESS GROWN TOMATO

2001 ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elia ◽  
F. Serio ◽  
A. Parente ◽  
P. Santamaria ◽  
G. Ruiz Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Fruit Quality

Effects of root environment on the kinetics of 1st month growth and nodulation of alfalfa

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. H. Macdowall
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
N Content ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Pot Size ◽  
Solid Substratum ◽  
Soil Mix

Measurements were made of plant, root, and nodule dry matter, nodule number, acetylene reduction by nitrogenase, plant N content, and shoot height of Medicago sativa L. cv. Algonquin and expressed chiefly as rate constants of growth (k1′). The effects of the nature and quantity of solid substratum, of the form and concentration of combined N and of symbiotic and non-symbiotic growth, were compared in optimum growth room conditions. Plants grew at the same maximum k1′ in vermiculite with or without gravel and in a soil mix when supplied with 15 mM NO3− in the nutrient solution. Plant growth was retarded with decreasing pot size but maximum nodule growth k1′ occurred in 7-cm pots. Nodulation and nitrogenase activity showed maximum k1′ with least added N but moderate additions produced larger yields of roots and nodules. Plant growth in dry matter and N content, expressed as k1′, yield, or absolute rate (k1′∙yield), was under no circumstance increased by symbiosis in this phase of exponential growth. Nodulation was completely inhibited by 15 mM NO3− and higher concentrations of N were generally inhibitory. A transient, postgerminative treatment with 15 mM NO3− provided a sustained boost to growth. Combined N supplied as NO2− or NH4+ at 15 mM in the nutrient solution without NO3− suported k1′ values comparable to those obtained with less than 1.5 mM NO3−.

scholarly journals Comparative Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Under Salt Stress and Recovery: Role of Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin ◽  
Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Bhuyan ◽  
Nahar ◽  
Mohsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Post Stress

Salinity toxicity and the post-stress restorative process were examined to identify the salt tolerance mechanism in tomato, with a focus on the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Hydroponically grown 15 day-old tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby) were treated with 150 and 250 mM NaCl for 4 days and subsequently grown in nutrient solution for a further 2 days to observe the post-stress responses. Under saline conditions, plants showed osmotic stress responses that included low leaf relative water content and high proline content. Salinity induced oxidative stress by the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2•−) and methylglyoxal. Salinity also impaired the non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system. On the other hand, excessive Na+ uptake induced ionic stress which resulted in a lower content of other minerals (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), and a reduction in photosynthetic pigment synthesis and plant growth. After 2 days in the normal nutrient solution, the plants showed improvements in antioxidant and glyoxalase system activities, followed by improvements in plant growth, water balance, and chlorophyll synthesis. The antioxidant and glyoxalase systems worked in concert to scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Taken together, these findings indicate that tomato plants can tolerate salinity and show rapid post-stress recovery by enhancement of their antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.

scholarly journals Macronutrient Omission Changes Lippia gracilis Schauer, a Threatened Medicinal Plant, Growth and Volatile Chemical Composition

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1877-1882
Author(s):  
Brígida Resende Almeida ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Heitor Luiz Heiderich Roza ◽  
Felipe Campos Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threatened Medicinal Plant ◽  
Element Technique ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The effect of macronutrient omission on the growth and volatile chemical composition of Lippia gracilis was evaluated. The “minus one element” technique was employed by using a complete (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950) nutrient solution and solutions with macronutrient omission for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. Macronutrient deficiency significantly influenced L. gracilis growth and volatile chemical composition. Leaf dry weight decreased in order of importance of the macronutrients as follows: Ca = K = N > P > Mg > S. The amount and composition of volatile compounds varied according to macronutrient omission. The major constituents were characterized by p-cymene (ranging from not detected to 43.41%), thymol (3.86% to 7.95%), carvacrol (44.09% to 76.69%), and caryophyllene (0.52% to 6.00%), the contents of which were dependent on the omitted macronutrient. Lack of Ca, Mg, and S increased the contents of cymene and decreased the thymol and carvacrol compared with control. Complete solution and N, P, and K omission retained the same thymol and carvacrol content. In summary, macronutrient availability effectively controlled plant growth and volatile chemical composition of L. gracilis.

Response of representative cover crops to aluminum toxicity, phosphorus deprivation, and organic amendment

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico C. B. Vieira ◽  
Zhenli L. He ◽  
Patrick C. Wilson ◽  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Citrate Exudation

This study aimed to: (1) determine the effect of P depletion and presence of Al on root and shoot growth of representative cover crops, and on their nutrient uptake; (2) characterise the composition of root exudation under P and Al stress in nutrient solution; (3) evaluate the ability of aqueous extracts of composts in reducing Al phytotoxicity. Plants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata), black oat (Avena strigosa), and lablab (Lablab purpureous) were cultivated in different nutrient solution compositions and concentrations for 3 weeks. It was found that Al at concentration of 20 and 200 µmol/L increased citrate exudation at least 8 and 24 times, respectively, for cowpea and 18 and 36 times, respectively, for lablab, as compared with the blank. However, no release of organic acids occurred due to P deprivation, suggesting that citrate exudation was a specific response to excess Al. No response in organic acid release was observed for black oat under the stress of P deficiency or Al toxicity. Although the presence of Al in solution did not significantly affect chlorophyll content in leaves, it decreased root and shoot weight, as well as root length, surface area, volume, and number of tips. Organic extracts alleviated aluminum toxicity, improving plant growth and ameliorating plant nutrition status. Yard waste extract was more effective in enhancing plant growth than GreenEdge extract in plants under Al stress.

scholarly journals CONTINUOUS USE OF PLANT NUTRIENT SOLUTION FOR HYDROPONIC CULTURE OF SWEETPOTATO:IMPLICATIONS AND EFFECTS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 731d-731
Author(s):  
A.A. Trotman ◽  
P.P. David ◽  
D.G. Mortley ◽  
G.W. Carver
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Continuous Use

In a greenhouse study, continuous use of the same plant nutrient solution for hydroponic culture of sweetpotato was investigated to determine the effect on storage root yield, plant growth and nutrient solution composition. Plants were grown for 120 days under continuous flow from a 30.4-liter reservoir. Plant growth was compared when nutrient solution was changed at 14-day intervals and when nutrient solution was not changed but nutrients replenished through addition of a Modified half-Hoagland's (N:K=1:2.4) plant nutrient solution when volume in reservoir was -10 liters. Storage root yield was significantly decreased (181 vs 310.3 g/plant) and foliar biomass was significantly increased (372.4 vs 2% g/plant) when nutrient solution was not changed Nitrate and phosphate concentrations decreased in the plant nutrient over the duration of the experiment while sulfate and chloride concentrations increased. Salinity and electrical conductivity were monitored at 2-day intervals and increased with duration of the crop. Increased foliage production may have been the result of nitrogen replenishment going largely for foliage rather than storage root production. It may be that continuous use of the same plant nutrient solution as practiced in this study, resulted in lowered phosphate and nitrate concentrations that limited uptake of these ions by sweetpotato plants, thus reducing yield

scholarly journals Fertigation Strategies for Improving Water Use Efficiency and Limiting Nutrient Loss in Soilless Hippeastrum Production

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Giampaolo Raimondi ◽  
Rosanna Caputo ◽  
Stefania De Pascale
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Use Efficiency

Implementing nutrient management strategies in soilless culture, which improve water use efficiency (WUE) and limit the loss of eutrophying elements without affecting crop performance, is a priority for the floriculture industry. The aim of the current research was to assess the effect of two nutrient management strategies, based on electrical conductivity (EC) or nitrate-nitrogen (N-NO3−) concentration control on plant growth, ornamental quality, plant–water relations, mineral composition, and WUE of greenhouse Hippeastrum grown in semiclosed soilless system. The recirculating nutrient solution was discharged whenever a threshold EC value of 3.0 dS·m−1 was reached (EC-based strategy), or when N-NO3− concentration decreased below the limit of 1.0 mol·m−3 (nitrate-based strategy). There were no significant differences in terms of plant growth parameters, stomatal resistance, leaf water relations, and macronutrient composition in plant tissues between the two nutrient management strategies. In the EC- and the nitrate-based strategies, the recirculating nutrient solution was flushed 10 and 5 times, respectively. The water loss (WL) and the total water use (Wuse) in the EC-based strategy were significantly higher by 261.1% and 61.5%, respectively, compared with the N-NO3−-based strategy. In contrast with the EC-based strategy, the adoption of the N-NO3−-based strategy significantly minimized the nitrate, phosphate, and potassium emissions to the environment. The effective WUE of the system (WUES) recorded in the N-NO3−-based strategy was higher by 55.9% compared with the one recorded with the EC-based strategy.

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