Response of representative cover crops to aluminum toxicity, phosphorus deprivation, and organic amendment

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico C. B. Vieira ◽  
Zhenli L. He ◽  
Patrick C. Wilson ◽  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Citrate Exudation

This study aimed to: (1) determine the effect of P depletion and presence of Al on root and shoot growth of representative cover crops, and on their nutrient uptake; (2) characterise the composition of root exudation under P and Al stress in nutrient solution; (3) evaluate the ability of aqueous extracts of composts in reducing Al phytotoxicity. Plants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata), black oat (Avena strigosa), and lablab (Lablab purpureous) were cultivated in different nutrient solution compositions and concentrations for 3 weeks. It was found that Al at concentration of 20 and 200 µmol/L increased citrate exudation at least 8 and 24 times, respectively, for cowpea and 18 and 36 times, respectively, for lablab, as compared with the blank. However, no release of organic acids occurred due to P deprivation, suggesting that citrate exudation was a specific response to excess Al. No response in organic acid release was observed for black oat under the stress of P deficiency or Al toxicity. Although the presence of Al in solution did not significantly affect chlorophyll content in leaves, it decreased root and shoot weight, as well as root length, surface area, volume, and number of tips. Organic extracts alleviated aluminum toxicity, improving plant growth and ameliorating plant nutrition status. Yard waste extract was more effective in enhancing plant growth than GreenEdge extract in plants under Al stress.

scholarly journals Konstitusi Genetik dan Karakter Fenotipik Galur-galur Padi Pup1 Turunan Varietas Situ Bagendit

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Suwaji Handaru Wardoyo ◽  
Miftahudin Miftahudin ◽  
Sugiono Moeljopawiro ◽  
Joko Prasetiyono
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Gene Segment ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Stress Evaluation ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Good Expression

<p>Acidity, phosphorus deficiency, and drought<br />stress are major problems in Indonesia’s Ultisol rice farming.<br />Development of rice lines tolerant to those stresses is<br />expected to be able to reduce the consumption of P<br />fertilizer. The objectives of the research were to evaluate<br />genetic constitutive of rice lines (BC2F6 population) derived<br />from Situ Bagendit x Kasalath and Situ Bagendit x NIL-C433<br />crossings, and to evaluate responses of those lines to<br />Yoshida nutrient solution under P deficiency and Al stress<br />condition. The research was conducted at Molecular Biology<br />Laboratory and Greenhouse of ICABIOGRAD, from<br />November 2011 to May 2013. The result of foreground<br />analysis showed that Pup1 locus has been integrated into<br />the genome of BC2F6 rice lines, eventhough some lines (SK5,<br />SK6, SK7, SK8, SK9, SK10, SK19, and SK20) showed<br />incomplete integration. Background analysis indicated that<br />majority (95.7%) of the Situ Bagendit background has been<br />recovered in BC2F6 rice lines. Al stress evaluation showed SN<br />lines were more tolerant to P deficiency and Al stress than<br />that of SK lines. Pup1 locus showed good expression under<br />low P and no Al stress. Based on genome proportion and<br />Yoshida nutrient solution experiments, a total of three lines,<br />namely SK13, SN2, and SN9, have potential good<br />characteristics. Molecular analysis within a marker-assisted<br />backcrossing (MAB) experiment should be carried out at<br />each generation of lines for gaining fully gene segment in<br />advanced generations.</p>

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Mitigate Aluminum Toxicity and Regulate Proline Metabolism in Plants Grown in Acidic Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Modhi O. Alotaibi ◽  
Ahmed M. Saleh ◽  
Renato L. Sobrinho ◽  
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽  
Ahmed M. El-Sawah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Proline Metabolism ◽  
Proline Biosynthesis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote plant growth and induce stress tolerance. Proline is reported to accumulate in mycorrhizal plants under stressful conditions, such as aluminum (Al) stress. However, the detailed changes induced in proline metabolism under AMF–plant symbiosis has not been studied. Accordingly, this work aimed to study how Al-stressed grass (barley) and legume (lotus) species respond to AMF inoculation at growth and biochemical levels. The associated changes in Al uptake and accumulation, the rate of photosynthesis, and the key enzymes and metabolites involved in proline biosynthesis and degradation pathways were studied. Soil contamination with Al induced Al accumulation in tissues of both species and, consequently, reduced plant growth and the rate of photosynthesis, while more tolerance was noticed in lotus. Inoculation with AMF significantly reduced Al accumulation and mitigated the negative impacts of Al on growth and photosynthesis in both species; however, these positive effects were more pronounced in barley plants. The mitigating action of AMF was associated with upregulation of proline biosynthesis through glutamate and ornithine pathways, more in lotus than in barley, and repression of its catabolism. The increased proline level in lotus was consistent with improved N metabolism (N level and nitrate reductase). Overall, this study suggests the role of AMF in mitigating Al stress, where regulation of proline metabolism is a worthy mechanism underlying this mitigating action.

scholarly journals Citrate Root Exudation under Zn and P Deficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Bless Aplena Elen Siane
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Citrate Exudation ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Exudation Rate

Zinc and phosphorus are essential nutrients with low bioavailability in calcareous soils. Some plants exude organicacids to increase the solubility of these two nutrients. The objective of this study was to examine citrate exudation rates of different lupin (Feodora and Energy) and rapeseed (Dunkeld, Yickadee and Rainbow) cultivars under deficiencies of Zn and P. The plants were cultivated into three different nutrient solutions (complete, -Zn, and -P) with pH around 7. Under Zn deficiency, rapeseed cultivars lost about 80% of its shoot fresh weight, but the roots did not exude any organic acids such as citrate, malate or oxalate. Both lupin and rapeseed cultivars exuded citrate onlyunder phosphorus deficiency. The exudation rates of Feodora and Energy were 3.89 μmol g-1 RDW h-1 and 3.45 μmol g-1 RDW h-1, respectively, while that of Dunkeld was 15.1 μmol g-1 RDW h-1. The results indicated that lupin and rapeseed lost their production under Zn deficiency but they did not exude organic acid, while under P deficiency both plants exuded citrate.Keywords: Citrate; deficiency; exudation rate; lupin; phosphorus; rapeseed; Zn[How to Cite: Siane BAE. 2012. Citrate Root Exudation under Zn and P Deficiency. J Trop Soils, 17 (3) : 219-225. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.219][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.219] 

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Understanding Mechanisms of Plant Tolerance and Response to Aluminum Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Yunmin Wei ◽  
Rongrong Han ◽  
Yonghong Xie ◽  
Caode Jiang ◽  
Yongxiong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Transgenic Breeding ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major environmental stress that inhibits plant growth and development. There has been impressive progress in recent years that has greatly increased our understanding of the nature of Al toxicity and its mechanisms of tolerance. This review describes the transcription factors (TFs) and plant hormones involved in the adaptation to Al stress. In particular, it discusses strategies to confer plant resistance to Al stress, such as transgenic breeding, as well as small molecules and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) to alleviate Al toxicity. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the enhancement of plant production in acidic soils.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a Phosphate-Charged Soil Material in Supplying Phosphate for Plant Growth in Soilless Root Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Mi Oh ◽  
Paul V. Nelson ◽  
Dean L. Hesterberg ◽  
Carl E. Niedziela
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Hydrous Oxides ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Root Media ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Phosphate Leaching

A soil material high in crystalline Fe hydrous oxides and noncrystalline Al hydrous oxides collected from the Bw horizon of a Hemcross soil containing allophane from the state of Oregon was charged with phosphate-P at rates of 0, 2.2, and 6.5 mg·g−1, added to a soilless root medium at 5% and 10% by volume, and evaluated for its potential to supply phosphate at a low, stable concentration during 14 weeks of tomato (Solanum esculentumL.) seedling growth. Incorporation of the soil material improved pH stability, whether it was charged with phosphate or not. Bulk solution phosphate-P concentrations in the range of 0.13 to 0.34 mg·dm−3were associated with P deficiency. The only treatment that sustained an adequate bulk solution concentration of phosphate-P above 0.34 mg·dm−3for the 14 weeks of testing contained 10% soil material charged with 6.5 mg·g−1P, but initial dissolved P concentrations were too high (>5 mg·g−1phosphate-P) from the standpoint of phosphate leaching. The treatment amended with 10% soil material charged with 2.2 mg·g−1P maintained phosphate-P within an acceptable range of 0.4 to 2.3 mg·dm−3for 48 d in a medium receiving no postplant phosphate fertilization.

scholarly journals The Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Mineral Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Tetragonia decumbens Mill.: An Underutilized Edible Halophyte in South Africa

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Avela Sogoni ◽  
Muhali Jimoh ◽  
Learnmore Kambizi ◽  
Charles Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
The Impact

Climate change, expanding soil salinization, and the developing shortages of freshwater have negatively affected crop production around the world. Seawater and salinized lands represent potentially cultivable areas for edible salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress on plant growth, mineral composition (macro-and micro-nutrients), and antioxidant activity in dune spinach (Tetragonia decumbens) were evaluated. The treatments consisted of three salt concentrations, 50, 100, and 200 mM, produced by adding NaCl to the nutrient solution. The control treatment had no NaCl but was sustained and irrigated by the nutrient solution. Results revealed a significant increase in total yield, branch production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in plants irrigated with nutrient solution incorporated with 50 mM NaCl. Conversely, an increased level of salinity (200 mM) caused a decrease in chlorophyll content (SPAD), while the phenolic content, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium, increased. The results of this study indicate that there is potential for brackish water cultivation of dune spinach for consumption, especially in provinces experiencing the adverse effect of drought and salinity, where seawater or underground saline water could be diluted and used as irrigation water in the production of this vegetable.

scholarly journals Morphological and Metabolite Responses of Potatoes under Various Phosphorus Levels and Their Amelioration by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5162
Author(s):  
Leangsrun Chea ◽  
Birgit Pfeiffer ◽  
Dominik Schneider ◽  
Rolf Daniel ◽  
Elke Pawelzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major limiting factor for potatoes. P fertilizer is applied to enhance P availability; however, it may become toxic when plants accumulate at high concentrations. Therefore, it is necessary to gain more knowledge of the morphological and biochemical processes associated with P deficiency and toxicity for potatoes, as well as to explore an alternative approach to ameliorate the P deficiency condition. A comprehensive study was conducted (I) to assess plant morphology, mineral allocation, and metabolites of potatoes in response to P deficiency and toxicity; and (II) to evaluate the potency of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in improving plant biomass, P uptake, and metabolites at low P levels. The results revealed a reduction in plant height and biomass 60–80% under P deficiency compared to P optimum. P deficiency and toxicity conditions also altered the mineral concentration and allocation in plants due to nutrient imbalance. The stress induced by both P deficiency and toxicity was evident from an accumulation of proline and total free amino acids in young leaves and roots. Furthermore, root metabolite profiling revealed that P deficiency reduced sugars by 50–80% and organic acids by 20–90%, but increased amino acids by 1.5–14.8 times. However, the effect of P toxicity on metabolic changes in roots was less pronounced. Under P deficiency, PGPR significantly improved the root and shoot biomass, total root length, and root surface area by 32–45%. This finding suggests the potency of PGPR inoculation to increase potato plant tolerance under P deficiency.

Effects of Nitric Oxide Application on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Pepper Plants under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-853
Author(s):  
Fikret YAŞAR ◽  
Özlem ÜZAL
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the messenger molecule Nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidative enzyme (SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; CAT: Catalase; APX: Ascorbate Peroxidase) activities in some metabolic changes that occur under the effect of drought stress in plants, to determine the possible roles of Nitric Oxide and to obtain complementary information. The experiment conducted in a controlled environment, and plant were cultured in containers containing Hoagland nutrient solution. For drought stress application, 10% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) was added to the nutrient solution, which is equivalent to -0.40 MPa osmotic potential. Before the drought stress is applied, pepper seedlings of Demre cv were pre-treated with different doses of Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) and Carboxy-PTIO (potassium salt) (cPTIO) (SNP 0.01, SNP 1, SNP 100 and SNP 0.01 + cPTIO, SNP + cPTIO, SNP 100+ cPTIO). On the 10th day of the drought application, the growth parameters of the plants; the plant fresh weights and their Antioxidative Enzyme Activities (SOD, CAT, APX) were determined. In terms of plant growth parameters, both plant growth and antioxidant anzyme activities of plants pretreated with 0.01 and 1 doses of SNP were lower than the high dose of SNP and the PEG application without pretreatment. The reason for the low enzyme activities in these applications can be attributed to factors such as the excess accumulation of organic acids such as proline in the cells of the plants and the decrease in H2O2 and O-2 levels in the presence of SNP.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization of vegetables cultivated under no-tillage after cover crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto BF Branco ◽  
Sally F Blat ◽  
Tais GS Gimenes ◽  
Rodrigo HD Nowaki ◽  
Humberto S Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT The production of horticultural crops in no-tillage and in rotation with cover crops reduces the dependency in nitrogen fertilizer, due to increased soil organic matter and by biological fixation performed by legumes. Thus, the aim of this work was to study rates of nitrogen fertilization and cover crops in the agronomic performance of tomato and broccoli grown under no-tillage. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with four replications. Treatments consisted of cover crops, sunn hemp and millet, and four rates of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg/ha of nitrogen), for both the tomato and broccoli crops. All soil management was performed in no-tillage. For tomato crops we evaluated the plant growth, the nitrate concentration of sprouts and fruits and yield of commercial and non commercial fruits. For broccoli we evaluated plant growth and yield. There was an interaction effect between cover crop and nitrogen rates to tomato growth measured at 100 days after transplanting, for plant height, number of fruit bunches, dry mass of leaves and diameter of the stalk. The tomato commercial fruit number and yield showed maximum values with 137 and 134 kg/ha of N respectively, on the sunn hemp straw. The nitrate concentration of the tomato sprouts was linearly increasing with the increase of nitrogen rates, when grown on the millet straw. For broccoli production, the maximum fresh mass of commercial inflorescence was with 96 kg/ha of N, when grown on the millet straw.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Control Systems in Agriculture Using Intelligent Sensor Techniques: A Review of the Aeroponic System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ali Lakhiar ◽  
Gao Jianmin ◽  
Tabinda Naz Syed ◽  
Farman Ali Chandio ◽  
Noman Ali Buttar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Fault Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

In recent years, intelligent sensor techniques have achieved significant attention in agriculture. It is applied in agriculture to plan the several activities and missions properly by utilising limited resources with minor human interference. Currently, plant cultivation using new agriculture methods is very popular among the growers. However, the aeroponics is one of the methods of modern agriculture, which is commonly practiced around the world. In the system, plant cultivates under complete control conditions in the growth chamber by providing a small mist of the nutrient solution in replacement of the soil. The nutrient mist is ejected through atomization nozzles on a periodical basis. During the plant cultivation, several steps including temperature, humidity, light intensity, water nutrient solution level, pH and EC value, CO2concentration, atomization time, and atomization interval time require proper attention for flourishing plant growth. Therefore, the object of this review study was to provide significant knowledge about early fault detection and diagnosis in aeroponics using intelligent techniques (wireless sensors). So, the farmer could monitor several paraments without using laboratory instruments, and the farmer could control the entire system remotely. Moreover, the technique also provides a wide range of information which could be essential for plant researchers and provides a greater understanding of how the key parameters of aeroponics correlate with plant growth in the system. It offers full control of the system, not by constant manual attention from the operator but to a large extent by wireless sensors. Furthermore, the adoption of the intelligent techniques in the aeroponic system could reduce the concept of the usefulness of the system due to complicated manually monitoring and controlling process.

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