Oxidative destruction of biomolecules by gasoline engine exhaust products and detoxifying effects of the three-way catalytic converter

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Blaurock ◽  
Susanne Hippeli ◽  
Norbert Metz ◽  
Erich F. Elstner
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Oxidative Destruction ◽  
Engine Exhaust

scholarly journals Condensational uptake of semivolatile organic compounds in gasoline engine exhaust onto pre-existing inorganic particles

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3461-3492
Author(s):  
S.-M. Li ◽  
J. Liggio ◽  
L. Graham ◽  
G. Lu ◽  
J. Brook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Seed Particle ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Inorganic Particles

Abstract. This paper presents the results of laboratory studies on the condensational uptake of gaseous organic compounds in the exhaust of a light-duty gasoline engine onto preexisting sulfate and nitrate seed particles. Significant condensation of the gaseous organic compounds in the exhaust occurs onto pre-existing inorganic particles on a time scale of 2–5 min. The amount of condensed organic mass (COM) is proportional to the seed particle mass, suggesting that the uptake is due to dissolution, not adsorption. The solubility decreases as a power function with increased dilution of the exhaust, ranging from 0.23 g/g at a dilution ratio of 81, to 0.025 g/g at a dilution ratio of 2230. The solubility increases nonlinearly with increasing concentration of the total hydrocarbons in the gas phase (THC), rising from 0.12 g/g to 0.26 g/g for a CTHC increase of 1 to 18 μg m−3, suggesting that more organics are partitioned into the particles at higher gas phase concentrations. In terms of gas-particle partitioning, the condensational uptake of THC gases in gasoline engine exhaust can account for up to 30% of the total gas+particle THC. By incorporating the present findings, regional air quality modelling results suggest that the condensational uptake of THC onto sulfate particles alone can be comparable to the primary particle mass under moderately polluted ambient conditions. These findings are important for modelling and regulating the air quality impacts of gasoline vehicular emissions.

scholarly journals No Catalytic Performance Analysis of Gasoline Engine Tapered Variable Cell Density Carrier Catalytic Converter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Zuo ◽  
Xiaomei Yang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Qingwu Guan ◽  
Zhuang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
No Conversion ◽  
Field Uniformity ◽  
Physical And Mathematical Models

Abstract Improving the flow field uniformity of catalytic converter can promote the catalytic conversion of NO to NO2. Firstly, the physical and mathematical models of improved catalytic converter are established, and its accuracy is verified by experiments. Then, the NO catalytic performance of standard and improved catalytic converters is compared, and the influences of structural parameters on its performance are investigated. The results showed that: (1) The gas uniformity, pressure drop and NO conversion rate of the improved catalytic converter are increased by 0.0643, 6.78% and 7.0% respectively. (2) As the cell density combination is 700 cpsi/600 cpsi, NO conversion rate reaches the highest, 73.7%, and the gas uniformity is 0.9821. (3) When the tapered height is 20 mm, NO conversion rate reaches the highest, 72.4%, the gas uniformity is 0.9744. (4) When the high cell density radius is 20 mm, NO conversion rate reaches the highest, 72.1%, the gas uniformity is 0.9783. (5) When the tapered end face radius is 20 mm, NO conversion rate reaches the highest, 72.0%, the gas uniformity is 0.9784. The results will provide a very important reference value for improving NO catalytic and reducing vehicle emission.

Corrosion Performance of Austenitic Alloys in Automobile Exhaust Environments

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Chart ◽  
H. T. Michels
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Austenitic Alloys ◽  
Nickel Base

The performance of several austenitic alloys ranging from low alloy content stainless steels to nickel-base alloys has been evaluated at temperatures from 704–1093°C (1300–2000°F) in cyclic air + 10 percent water vapor and from 704–982°C (1300–1800°F) in gasoline engine exhaust. The gasoline engine exhaust was found to be the more aggresive of the two test environments. A general trend of increasing performance with increasing nickel content was observed. At the highest test temperatures in both tests, the nickel-base alloys clearly displayed superior performance.

The Effect of Engine Exhaust Temperature Modulations on the Performance of Automotive Catalytic Converters

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Automotive Catalytic Converters ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
Harmful Effects

This paper presents a computational investigation of the effect of exhaust temperature modulations on an automotive catalytic converter. The objective is to develop a better fundamental understanding of the converter’s performance under transient driving conditions. Such an understanding will be beneficial in devising improved emission control methodologies. The study employs a single-channel based, one-dimensional, non-adiabatic model. The transient conditions are imposed by varying the exhaust gas temperature sinusoidally. The results show that temperature modulations cause a significant departure in the catalyst behavior from its steady behavior, and modulations have both favorable and harmful effects on pollutant conversion. The operating conditions and the modulating gas composition and flow rates (space velocity) have substantial influence on catalyst behavior.

The Design and Analysis of Closed-Coupled Exhaust Manifold

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 1241-1245
Author(s):  
Rang Shu Xu ◽  
Xiang Feng Yan ◽  
Ling Niu ◽  
Zhi Wei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Business Software ◽  
Field Uniformity ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Cfd Method ◽  
Volume Method

The layout of closed-couple catalyst converter in internal combustion engine exhaust system is one of important way to reduce vehicle emission. CFD method based on finite volume method is adopted to numerical simulate flow distribution in the entrance of closed-coupled catalytic converter and applying business software of FLUENT to clarity the flow uniformity of inlet to ensure catalytic converter work efficiently and meet regulations. The flow field uniformity of entrance were studied and analyzed. Research finds that the shape of manifold has effect on dispersion of velocity in entrance and dispersion of velocity has a relatively strong correlation with pulsation flow. The flow reverse in junction deflect the air flow that flow into the entrance of closed-couple catalyst converter. Calculation results indicate that the uneven rate coefficient is 0.266 and volatility is 0.515 in the entrance of closed-couple catalyst.

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