Corrosion Performance of Austenitic Alloys in Automobile Exhaust Environments

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Chart ◽  
H. T. Michels
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Austenitic Alloys ◽  
Nickel Base

The performance of several austenitic alloys ranging from low alloy content stainless steels to nickel-base alloys has been evaluated at temperatures from 704–1093°C (1300–2000°F) in cyclic air + 10 percent water vapor and from 704–982°C (1300–1800°F) in gasoline engine exhaust. The gasoline engine exhaust was found to be the more aggresive of the two test environments. A general trend of increasing performance with increasing nickel content was observed. At the highest test temperatures in both tests, the nickel-base alloys clearly displayed superior performance.

Corrosion of Austenitic Alloys in Binary 60/40 Nitrate Salt at 600°C

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Kruizenga ◽  
David Gill ◽  
Marianne LaFord
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Sandia National Laboratory ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Bulk Temperature ◽  
Nitrate Salt ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Austenitic Alloys ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Industrial power utilities are using molten binary nitrate salt as a heat transfer fluid and thermal storage media for solar energy generation. Currently, the maximum bulk temperature is 565°C, due to concerns of salt degradation and materials compatibility with containment vessels. To increase overall cycle efficiency, one must increase the upper temperature of the nitrate salt, thereby lowering the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) through higher power cycle efficiency. The corrosion performance of 316 stainless steel and Inconel 625 is currently characterized at 600°C. However, the 316SS has exhibited stress corrosion cracking (thought due to aqueous flush in Solar Two [1]), and while In625 performs well, its cost is prohibitive. Therefore, current research seeks to evaluate heat-resistant austenitic alloys for use with nitrate salts, ascertaining if they have superior performance characteristics, as well as assessing their mechanisms of corrosion. Sandia National Laboratory is researching four alloys (S35140, ATI332Mo, RA330, and HA556) for corrosion performance at 600°C for 3000 hours, under a cover gas of air. Air is used to simulate the chemistry conditions expected in a power plant. This work details the corrosion rate and the oxide structure for each alloy. Research indicates all alloys are very corrosion-resistant, with metal loss rates projected to be less than 21μm/year after 3000 hours. Though all alloys performed well, corrosion rate data for RA330 (Fe-19Cr-35Ni + minor elements) currently appears to exhibit a linear loss mechanism. In conclusion, this paper will explore the differences in oxide formation between these similar alloys.

The Oxidation of Metal Alloy Foils in the Presence of Water Vapor

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Rakowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Chromium Oxide Layer ◽  
Nickel Base

Water vapor can be detrimental to the elevated temperature oxidation resistance of alloys that rely on the formation of a protective chromium oxide layer. The resulting degradation can be significant, particularly when such alloys are in the form of light gauge sheet and strip. Long term test results will be presented for commercially available wrought austenitic stainless steels and for the nickel-base superalloys 625 and HX exposed at 1300°F and 1400°F in environments containing various levels of water vapor.

The Oxidation of Metal Alloy Foils in the Presence of Water Vapor

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Rakowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Chromium Oxide Layer ◽  
Nickel Base

Water vapor can be detrimental to the elevated temperature oxidation resistance of alloys that rely on the formation of a protective chromium oxide layer. The resulting degradation can be significant, particularly when such alloys are in the form of light gauge sheet and strip. Long-term test results will be presented for commercially available wrought austenitic stainless steels and nickel-base superalloys exposed at 1300°F and 1400°F in environments containing various levels of water vapor.

Localised corrosion performance of laser surface cladded super stainless steels

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Li ◽  
M. G. S. Ferreira ◽  
M. A. Anjos ◽  
R. Vilar ◽  
K. Watkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Corrosion Performance

scholarly journals Condensational uptake of semivolatile organic compounds in gasoline engine exhaust onto pre-existing inorganic particles

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3461-3492
Author(s):  
S.-M. Li ◽  
J. Liggio ◽  
L. Graham ◽  
G. Lu ◽  
J. Brook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Seed Particle ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Inorganic Particles

Abstract. This paper presents the results of laboratory studies on the condensational uptake of gaseous organic compounds in the exhaust of a light-duty gasoline engine onto preexisting sulfate and nitrate seed particles. Significant condensation of the gaseous organic compounds in the exhaust occurs onto pre-existing inorganic particles on a time scale of 2–5 min. The amount of condensed organic mass (COM) is proportional to the seed particle mass, suggesting that the uptake is due to dissolution, not adsorption. The solubility decreases as a power function with increased dilution of the exhaust, ranging from 0.23 g/g at a dilution ratio of 81, to 0.025 g/g at a dilution ratio of 2230. The solubility increases nonlinearly with increasing concentration of the total hydrocarbons in the gas phase (THC), rising from 0.12 g/g to 0.26 g/g for a CTHC increase of 1 to 18 μg m−3, suggesting that more organics are partitioned into the particles at higher gas phase concentrations. In terms of gas-particle partitioning, the condensational uptake of THC gases in gasoline engine exhaust can account for up to 30% of the total gas+particle THC. By incorporating the present findings, regional air quality modelling results suggest that the condensational uptake of THC onto sulfate particles alone can be comparable to the primary particle mass under moderately polluted ambient conditions. These findings are important for modelling and regulating the air quality impacts of gasoline vehicular emissions.

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