Inhibitory action of serum from a Laron dwarf on normal cellular function

1983 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Roth-Schechter ◽  
J. M. Bonardi ◽  
J. G. Juif
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

Oxidative stress and cardiovascular health: therapeutic potential of polyphenols

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Khurana ◽  
Matthew Piche ◽  
Amanda Hollingsworth ◽  
Krishnan Venkataraman ◽  
T.C. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in normal cellular function and physiology. However, oxidative stress resulting from an accumulation of ROS has a detrimental impact on cellular function, and ROS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a summary of the impact of ROS on cardiovascular health and diseases, highlighting the therapeutic use of antioxidants. In addition, this review summarizes the health benefits of polyphenols, and the recent progress on understanding the cellular and physiological actions by which polyphenols may impart their beneficial properties on cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Implications of the mitochondrial interactome of mammalian thioredoxin 2 for normal cellular function and disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos T. Chasapis ◽  
Manousos Makridakis ◽  
Anastassios E. Damdimopoulos ◽  
Jerome Zoidakis ◽  
Vasiliki Lygirou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Function ◽  
Thioredoxin 2 ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

Modulation of Ca2+ influx by a mediator released from human tracheal epithelial cells exposed to ozone in vitro

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. L558-L564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. S. Qu ◽  
L. C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Tracheal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Lysate ◽  
Tracheal Epithelial ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

Intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) plays a vital role both in maintaining normal cellular function and in cell killing. Few studies have been published regarding its role in ozone (O3)-induced health effects. This study investigated the effect and mechanism of O3 exposure on [Ca2+]i in human tracheal epithelial (HTE) cells. HTE cells grown on Costar Transwell inserts with a liquid-gas interface were exposed to 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 ppm O3 at 37 degrees C for 1 h. After exposure, [Ca2+]i was measured using the fluorescent dye Fluo 3. O3 at 0.4 ppm produced a significant increase in [Ca2+]i, and the increases in [Ca2+]i were blocked by verapamil and 8-(diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5,-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8). These results suggest that the O3-induced [Ca2+]i elevation may involve both Ca2+ release from internal stores and Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. Furthermore, both buffer and cell lysate of HTE cells exposed to 0.4 ppm O3 caused a rapid increase in [Ca2+]i of THP-1 human phagocytic monocytes, but the buffer and lysate from air exposed cells did not. These results suggest that O3 exposure causes HTE cells to release a diffusible mediator from the empty Ca(2+)-storing organelle and may be responsible for the sustained and persistent [Ca2+]i elevation in HTE cells exposed to 0.4 ppm O3.

scholarly journals Retrotranslocation: Endoplasmic Reticulum’s Junk Disposal Mechanism

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Partha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Misfolded Proteins ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

The primary structure of polypeptides is converted to their final tertiary and quaternary structure by sequential maturation steps, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provides the environment for the polypeptides to attain their proper 3-dimensional architecture. Proteins that misfold or fail to oligomerize with their partners (Chen et al., 1998; Wileman et al., 1990) are quickly degraded, as unfolded or unassembled proteins could interfere with normal cellular function. Retrotranslocation is the process by which terminally misfolded or unassembled ER proteins are translocated back into the cytosol for degradation mediated by the proteasomal machinery. Increasing amounts of evidence now support the fact that the same translocon pore that is involved in the translocation of polypeptides into the ER is also used for the retrotranslocation process. But questions, like how the misfolded proteins are recognized and targeted to the translocon pore, whether the process requires energy, and what pulls the polypeptides as they emerge out of the pore into the cytoplasm, remain to be elucidated. This review addresses our current knowledge about the retrotranslocation process. 

mRNA-specific regulation of translation by poly(A)-binding proteins

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Burgess ◽  
Nicola K. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Translation Factor ◽  
Regulation Of Translation ◽  
Specific Mrnas ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Normal Cellular Function ◽  
Global Translation

The regulation of translation has emerged as a major determinant of gene expression and is critical for both normal cellular function and the development of disease. Numerous studies have highlighted the diverse, and sometimes related, mechanisms which underlie the regulation of global translation rates and the translational control of specific mRNAs. In the present paper, we discuss the emerging roles of the basal translation factor PABP [poly(A)-binding protein] in mRNA-specific translational control in metazoa which suggest that PABP function is more complex than first recognized.

Protein Folding: From Normal Cellular Function to Pathophysiology

2015 ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Mahmood Rasool ◽  
Arif Malik ◽  
Abdul Manan ◽  
Misbah Sultana ◽  
Mahmood Husain Qazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

Shock, a clinical syndrome: an update. Part 3. Therapeutic management

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Rice
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Adequate Ventilation ◽  
Supportive Management ◽  
Normal Cellular Function ◽  
Alveolar Capillary

Supportive measures attempt to improve oxygen delivery to body cells. A patent airway, adequate ventilation, and supplemental oxygen are important prerequisites. Once oxygen is delivered to the alveolar/capillary interface, it must diffuse into the blood and be carried by adequate numbers of red blood cells. Hemoglobin in the red blood cells must bind with oxygen to carry it to the tissues; yet, the hemoglobin must release the oxygen to the cells in the peripheral capillaries. Cells must be able to use oxygen to produce energy and restore normal cellular function. Restoration of cellular function is a complex sequence that cannot be achieved with a single therapeutic intervention. The supportive management of the shock patient requires many different drugs and therapies to maintain tissue perfusion and to restore normal cellular function.

Phagocyte impotence caused by an invasive bacterial adenylate cyclase

Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 217 (4563) ◽  
pp. 948-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Confer ◽  
JW Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

For unknown reasons, humans infected with the bacterium Bordetella pertussis are exceptionally vulnerable to secondary infections. Bordetella species elaborate a soluble, heat-stable, and highly active adenylate cyclase. This enzyme is internalized by phagocytic cells and catalyzes the unregulated formation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), thereby disrupting normal cellular function. This unusual phenomenon may explain Bordetella-induced aphylaxis and may prove to be useful for investigating a variety of cyclic AMP-governed processes.

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