Gastric cytoprotection: a critical appraisal of the concept, methodology, implications, mechanisms and future research prospects

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan S. Parmar ◽  
Mohammad Tariq ◽  
A. M. Ageel
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gastric Cytoprotection

scholarly journals SAT0623-HPR THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN ADULTS WITH FIBROMYALGIA: A QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1271.1-1272
Author(s):  
S. Derham ◽  
J. Lewis ◽  
E. Dures ◽  
F. Cramp
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cognitive Changes

Background:Adults with fibromyalgia frequently report symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, often referred to as fibrofog. However primary research exploring cognitive dysfunction in the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is very limited (Kravitz and Katz, 2015).Objectives:The aim of this review was to (i) synthesise the qualitative literature on the lived experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia, (ii) develop common themes through thematic analysis and (iii) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research and clinical practice in this area.Methods:Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Amed, Scopus and OpenGrey), reference lists of key articles and two high impact qualitative journals were searched from 1990 to November 2018. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported primary qualitative data exploring the experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia. Included studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist and extracted data analysed using narrative synthesis. SD conducted critical appraisal and data extraction on all included studies. FC, JL and ED reviewed five papers each. All papers were reviewed by two co-authors. Of the 1413 records identified, 15 studies were selected for inclusion.Results:These studies included 208 women and 22 men with fibromyalgia, aged 18 to 72 years and representing seven different countries. Duration of diagnosis was four months to 34 years. Fourteen studies used interviews and one used focus groups. None of the included studies focussed exclusively on cognitive function in adults with fibromyalgia. Three studies identified themes specific to cognitive dysfunction and fibromyalgia symptoms. The remaining 12 studies presented relevant data intertwined with the overall lived experiences of fibromyalgia.Cognitive dysfunction, as a part of fibromyalgia, was often unpredictable. Problems with memory and concentration that were most commonly reported were emotionally distressing and affected functional and vocational activities. Participants found communication effortful, with a negative impact on work, leisure and social activities. Stress, fear and worry around perceived cognitive changes were commonly expressed. Lost employment or changed work roles and relationships, due to cognitive difficulties, had negative impacts for many participants. The terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog were used interchangeably within the studies, but lacked common definition. This introduced uncertainty around whether participants and authors were describing the same phenomenon.Conclusion:Adults with fibromyalgia experience unpredictable and emotionally impactful difficulties related to cognitive dysfunction. Functional impact was broad-reaching, particularly around work ability and lost employment opportunities. It is unclear how cognitive symptoms in fibromyalgia related to co-morbid symptoms such as pain, fatigue and poor sleep. Further research focusing on the full impact of cognitive function on the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is recommended to inform clinical practice. Research to establish clarity of definition of the terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog within fibromyalgia is highly recommended.References:[1]Kravitz H, Katz R. Fibrofog and fibromyalgia: a narrative review and implications for clinical practice. Rheumatology International. 2015;35(7):1115-25.Acknowledgments:This work is supported by the National Institute for Heath Research [ICA-PCAF-2018-01-078 to SD]Disclosure of Interests:Sandra Derham: None declared, Jenny Lewis: None declared, Emma Dures Grant/research support from: Independent Learning Grant from Pfizer, combined funding for a research fellow from Celgene, Abbvie and Novartis, Paid instructor for: A fee from Novartis to deliver training to nurses., Fiona Cramp: None declared

A Critical Appraisal of 25 Years of Research About Fashion Adoption Groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Workman ◽  
Seung-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Future Research

A critical appraisal of 52 articles about fashion adoption groups published from 1989 to 2013 was presented in this article. Objectives were to evaluate use of theories/models, demographics, research methods, and terms denoting fashion adoption groups. Information was compiled and organized to present a broad, updated, and more complete view of fashion adoption. Gaps and shortcomings were uncovered that provided ideas for future research. Detection of a variety of both theoretical and operational terminology and definitions provided a rationale for reaching consensus about terminology and definitions. Assessment of methods used to determine thresholds to segment consumers highlighted a need for consistency in analysis and reporting.

scholarly journals Experimentation or projectification of urban change? A critical appraisal and three steps forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Torrens ◽  
Timo von Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Urban Governance ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Transformation Mechanism ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
Primary Transformation

AbstractUrban experimentation has proliferated in recent years as a response to sustainability challenges and renewed pressures on urban governance. In many European cities, diverse and rapidly changing experimental forms (e.g. urban living laboratories, pilots, trials, experimental districts) are becoming commonplace, addressing ambitious goals for smartness, circularity, and liveability. Academically, there is a growing concern for moving beyond the focus on individual experiments and the insistence on upscaling their primary transformation mechanism. However, the phenomena of ‘projectification’ – whereby project-based forms of organising have become ubiquitous, shaping expectations about experimentation – is increasingly perceived as a barrier. Nevertheless, how specifically experimentation and projectification intersect remains unclear. Our theoretical perspective examines how the widespread tendency towards projectification shapes urban experimentation and the potential implications for urban transformations. It problematises the current wave of experimentation and how it contributes to the projectification of urban change processes. We present three steps to redress this issue and indicate directions for future research.

Using a Critical Appraisal Assignment to Infuse Evidence-Based Practice into a Therapeutic Modality Course

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Zwart ◽  
Bernadette Olson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Starting Point

Context It is the responsibility of athletic training educators, through curriculum and clinical experiences, to engage students towards adopting evidence-based practice (EBP) into their practice. The initial task of implementing EBP into a curriculum or course can seem like a large task for educators and students. As a way to start scaffolding EBP concepts across the curriculum, a modified critical appraisal assignment was developed to teach therapeutic modality concepts. Objective The purpose of this action research project was to demonstrate how a modified critical appraisal assignment can be used to introduce the process and aspects of critical appraisal and begin scaffolding the development of critical appraisal skills over time. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the students' ability to (1) successfully locate relevant research needed to answer clinical questions and (2) successfully appraise the literature according to basic EBP strategy. From a program perspective, the modified critical appraisal assignment was a starting point from which to include EBP principles into didactic coursework. Design Seventeen athletic training students completed 3 modified critical appraisal assignments pertaining to the use of therapeutic modalities. Each paper included 5 sections: (1) clinical question, (2) key clinical findings, (3) clinical applicability based on information from the appraisal and significance of results, (4) article comparison table, and (5) implications for clinical practice, patient education, and future research. The instructor evaluated the assignments blind. Conclusions Students were generally able to complete the critical appraisal assignment; however, students had difficulty locating research that answered the clinical question. Students struggled to relate the key clinical findings of the research articles and implications for clinical practice to the given clinical question. Findings from this study have informed faculty teaching, including introducing EBP skills earlier in the curriculum and inserting assignments that stress various aspects of the critical appraisal process.

A Critical Appraisal of 25 Years of Research Related to Fashion Adoption Groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Workman ◽  
Seung-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Research Propositions ◽  
Over Time

Objectives of this study were to investigate research examining fashion adoption groups for (a) specific variables studied and major findings within broad categories of variables, (b) research propositions from which hypotheses can be derived, and (c) research trends over time. Fashion adoption groups differed in many ways that influence time of adoption. Sixteen propositions were detected that can be used as a structured framework for future research to derive hypotheses for empirical testing and to develop a theory/model focused specifically on fashion. A wealth of information about variables related to fashion adoption was compiled, organized, and presented to provide a more complete and updated view of fashion adoption. Gaps and shortcomings in research were uncovered that offered ideas for further research. Assessment of trends in research provided a sense of progress in the field regarding fashion adoption.

Recurrent miscarriage – a critical appraisal

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Rai
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Critical Scrutiny ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selective Process

Only 50% of all conceptions result in a live birth (Figure 1). Human reproduction can therefore be viewed as being remarkably inefficient. However, the diametrically opposite opinion that it is in fact a very efficient and selective process, designed to optimize the outcome of pregnancy, deserves to be stated.Between 65% and 90% of clinically recognized miscarriages are due to chromosome abnormalities, the occurrence of which is more closely related to basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels rather than to maternal age alone. In contrast to women suffering a sporadic miscarriage, women who recurrently miscarry often, but not exclusively, lose pregnancies with a normal chromosome content. Using a combination of conventional Geimsa banding and the recently introduced technique of comparative genomic hybridization it has been reported that 54% of pregnancy losses amongst women with recurrent miscarriage are euploid. The challenge we face is to identify the causes of pregnancy loss amongst those couples who recurrently lose such euploid conceptions.Whilst many conventionally held beliefs as to the aetiology and treatment of women with recurrent miscarriage have not withstood critical scrutiny, significant progress has been made. This progress is the subject of this review, which will also highlight potential areas of future research.

The Study of Social Movements in France

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Fillieule
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The North ◽  
Micro Level

This chapter deals with the emergence of social movement studies in the French social sciences in the 1990s and its development since then. We show how the exponential growth of this field largely relied on knowledge accumulated from the North American literature, but always with a critical appraisal of its concepts, methods, and results. We stress some theoretical and methodological specificities of the French contribution to the field: the greater recourse to qualitative and in-depth methodologies and the focus on the micro-level of individual activism and micro-level processes; the dissemination of its issues and concepts into a great number of academic domains, hence its trans-disciplinary framework; and finally its long-standing reluctance to engage in comparative studies. We conclude with some reflections on a possible agenda for future research.

Dance Programs for School-Age Individuals With Disabilities: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-376
Author(s):  
Laura A. Prieto ◽  
Justin A. Haegele ◽  
Luis Columna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Age ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this systematic review was to examine published research literature pertaining to dance programs for school-age individuals with disabilities by describing study characteristics and major findings. Electronic database searches were conducted to identify relevant articles published between January 2008 and August 2018. Sixteen articles met all inclusion criteria, and extracted data from the articles included major findings, study design characteristics (e.g., sample size), and dance program characteristics (e.g., location of program). The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. Major findings expand on previous reviews on dance by including school-age individuals with disabilities. The critical appraisal of the articles demonstrates a gap in study design rigor between studies. Future research should aim to specify sampling strategies, use theories to frame the impact of dance programs, and provide a thorough description of ethical processes and dance classes.

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